Microgravity-Induced Metabolic Response in 2D and 3D TCam-2 Cell Cultures
The past few decades have seen an increasing number of both space travels and studies aimed at investigating the effects induced by space flights and the environment on humans. One of the main features of these conditions is the presence of altered gravity, mostly represented by microgravity experie...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Biology and Life Sciences Forum |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9976/21/1/7 |
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| author | Caterina Morabito Simone Guarnieri Marika Berardini Luisa Gesualdi Francesca Ferranti Anna Reale Giulia Ricci Angela Catizone Maria A. Mariggiò |
| author_facet | Caterina Morabito Simone Guarnieri Marika Berardini Luisa Gesualdi Francesca Ferranti Anna Reale Giulia Ricci Angela Catizone Maria A. Mariggiò |
| author_sort | Caterina Morabito |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The past few decades have seen an increasing number of both space travels and studies aimed at investigating the effects induced by space flights and the environment on humans. One of the main features of these conditions is the presence of altered gravity, mostly represented by microgravity experienced by astronauts. Microgravity is well known to induce deleterious effects at cellular, organ and systemic levels, including alterations in the male and female reproductive systems. In the present study, we investigated the effect of simulated microgravity on the metabolic activity of male germ cells using TCam-2 line as a cell model. These cells were cultured in the Random Positioning Machine that simulated microgravity conditions, and were grown as 2D monolayers or 3D spheroids to assay the effects on single cells or on organ-like structures. After a 24 hour-exposure to simulated microgravity, TCam-2 monolayers showed: (1) a decreased proliferation rate and a delay in cell cycle progression; (2) increased anaerobic metabolism; (3) increased levels of reactive oxygen species and superoxide anion; (4) modifications in mitochondrial morphology. After the same 24 hour-exposure, TCam-2 spheroids showed: (1) an increased anaerobic and aerobic activity in 40% and 26% of samples, respectively; (2) alterations in the redox balance with a decrease in catalase activity in about 65% of cell samples, and therefore, a deficit in the cellular antioxidant capacity; (3) increases in oxidative damage to proteins and lipids in more than 50% of cell samples. In conclusion, these data demonstrated a clear inference of simulated microgravity on the metabolic activity of TCam-2 cells, which is expressed through the activation of an oxidative stress state, that, if not compensated for, could be deleted over time. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:41:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-45f26a022a6d4b139ee51209dcf542dc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-9976 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:41:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology and Life Sciences Forum |
| spelling | doaj.art-45f26a022a6d4b139ee51209dcf542dc2023-11-18T09:33:57ZengMDPI AGBiology and Life Sciences Forum2673-99762023-03-01211710.3390/blsf2023021007Microgravity-Induced Metabolic Response in 2D and 3D TCam-2 Cell CulturesCaterina Morabito0Simone Guarnieri1Marika Berardini2Luisa Gesualdi3Francesca Ferranti4Anna Reale5Giulia Ricci6Angela Catizone7Maria A. Mariggiò8Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences-CAST, “G. d’ Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences-CAST, “G. d’ Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic-Medicine and Orthopedics, Section of Histology and Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic-Medicine and Orthopedics, Section of Histology and Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, ItalyHuman Spaceflight and Scientific Research Unit, Italian Space Agency, 00133 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Napoli, ItalyDepartment of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic-Medicine and Orthopedics, Section of Histology and Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences-CAST, “G. d’ Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, ItalyThe past few decades have seen an increasing number of both space travels and studies aimed at investigating the effects induced by space flights and the environment on humans. One of the main features of these conditions is the presence of altered gravity, mostly represented by microgravity experienced by astronauts. Microgravity is well known to induce deleterious effects at cellular, organ and systemic levels, including alterations in the male and female reproductive systems. In the present study, we investigated the effect of simulated microgravity on the metabolic activity of male germ cells using TCam-2 line as a cell model. These cells were cultured in the Random Positioning Machine that simulated microgravity conditions, and were grown as 2D monolayers or 3D spheroids to assay the effects on single cells or on organ-like structures. After a 24 hour-exposure to simulated microgravity, TCam-2 monolayers showed: (1) a decreased proliferation rate and a delay in cell cycle progression; (2) increased anaerobic metabolism; (3) increased levels of reactive oxygen species and superoxide anion; (4) modifications in mitochondrial morphology. After the same 24 hour-exposure, TCam-2 spheroids showed: (1) an increased anaerobic and aerobic activity in 40% and 26% of samples, respectively; (2) alterations in the redox balance with a decrease in catalase activity in about 65% of cell samples, and therefore, a deficit in the cellular antioxidant capacity; (3) increases in oxidative damage to proteins and lipids in more than 50% of cell samples. In conclusion, these data demonstrated a clear inference of simulated microgravity on the metabolic activity of TCam-2 cells, which is expressed through the activation of an oxidative stress state, that, if not compensated for, could be deleted over time.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9976/21/1/7TCam-2 cellscellular spheroidssimulated microgravityROSoxidative stresscellular metabolism |
| spellingShingle | Caterina Morabito Simone Guarnieri Marika Berardini Luisa Gesualdi Francesca Ferranti Anna Reale Giulia Ricci Angela Catizone Maria A. Mariggiò Microgravity-Induced Metabolic Response in 2D and 3D TCam-2 Cell Cultures Biology and Life Sciences Forum TCam-2 cells cellular spheroids simulated microgravity ROS oxidative stress cellular metabolism |
| title | Microgravity-Induced Metabolic Response in 2D and 3D TCam-2 Cell Cultures |
| title_full | Microgravity-Induced Metabolic Response in 2D and 3D TCam-2 Cell Cultures |
| title_fullStr | Microgravity-Induced Metabolic Response in 2D and 3D TCam-2 Cell Cultures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microgravity-Induced Metabolic Response in 2D and 3D TCam-2 Cell Cultures |
| title_short | Microgravity-Induced Metabolic Response in 2D and 3D TCam-2 Cell Cultures |
| title_sort | microgravity induced metabolic response in 2d and 3d tcam 2 cell cultures |
| topic | TCam-2 cells cellular spheroids simulated microgravity ROS oxidative stress cellular metabolism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9976/21/1/7 |
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