Involvement of Auxin Biosynthesis and Transport in the Antheridium and Prothalli Formation in <i>Lygodium japonicum</i>
The spores of <i>Lygodium japonicum</i>, cultured in the dark, form a filamentous structure called protonema. Earlier studies have shown that gibberellin (GA) induces protonema elongation, along with antheridium formation, on the protonema. In this study, we have performed detailed morph...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| author | Natsumi Ohishi Nanami Hoshika Mizuho Takeda Kyomi Shibata Hisakazu Yamane Takao Yokota Masashi Asahina |
| author_facet | Natsumi Ohishi Nanami Hoshika Mizuho Takeda Kyomi Shibata Hisakazu Yamane Takao Yokota Masashi Asahina |
| author_sort | Natsumi Ohishi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The spores of <i>Lygodium japonicum</i>, cultured in the dark, form a filamentous structure called protonema. Earlier studies have shown that gibberellin (GA) induces protonema elongation, along with antheridium formation, on the protonema. In this study, we have performed detailed morphological analyses to investigate the roles of multiple phytohormones in antheridium formation, protonema elongation, and prothallus formation in <i>L. japonicum</i>. GA<sub>4</sub> methyl ester is a potent GA that stimulates both protonema elongation and antheridium formation. We found that these effects were inhibited by simultaneous application of abscisic acid (ABA). On the other hand, IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) promoted protonema elongation but reduced antheridium formation, while these effects were partially recovered by transferring to an IAA-free medium. An auxin biosynthesis inhibitor, PPBo (4-phenoxyphenylboronic acid), and a transport inhibitor, TIBA (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid), both inhibited protonema elongation and antheridium formation. <i>L. japonicum</i> prothalli are induced from germinating spores under continuous white light. Such development was negatively affected by PPBo, which induced smaller-sized prothalli, and TIBA, which induced aberrantly shaped prothalli. The evidence suggests that the crosstalk between these plant hormones might regulate protonema elongation and antheridium formation in <i>L. japonicum</i>. Furthermore, the possible involvement of auxin in the prothalli development of <i>L. japonicum</i> is suggested. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:16:24Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-45f3c3db4ccd4838b0ef8ec8dc3fc0372023-11-23T10:12:03ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-12-011012270910.3390/plants10122709Involvement of Auxin Biosynthesis and Transport in the Antheridium and Prothalli Formation in <i>Lygodium japonicum</i>Natsumi Ohishi0Nanami Hoshika1Mizuho Takeda2Kyomi Shibata3Hisakazu Yamane4Takao Yokota5Masashi Asahina6Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Tochigi, JapanDepartment of Biosciences, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Tochigi, JapanDepartment of Biosciences, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Tochigi, JapanDepartment of Biosciences, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Tochigi, JapanGraduate School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Tochigi, JapanGraduate School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Tochigi, JapanGraduate School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Tochigi, JapanThe spores of <i>Lygodium japonicum</i>, cultured in the dark, form a filamentous structure called protonema. Earlier studies have shown that gibberellin (GA) induces protonema elongation, along with antheridium formation, on the protonema. In this study, we have performed detailed morphological analyses to investigate the roles of multiple phytohormones in antheridium formation, protonema elongation, and prothallus formation in <i>L. japonicum</i>. GA<sub>4</sub> methyl ester is a potent GA that stimulates both protonema elongation and antheridium formation. We found that these effects were inhibited by simultaneous application of abscisic acid (ABA). On the other hand, IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) promoted protonema elongation but reduced antheridium formation, while these effects were partially recovered by transferring to an IAA-free medium. An auxin biosynthesis inhibitor, PPBo (4-phenoxyphenylboronic acid), and a transport inhibitor, TIBA (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid), both inhibited protonema elongation and antheridium formation. <i>L. japonicum</i> prothalli are induced from germinating spores under continuous white light. Such development was negatively affected by PPBo, which induced smaller-sized prothalli, and TIBA, which induced aberrantly shaped prothalli. The evidence suggests that the crosstalk between these plant hormones might regulate protonema elongation and antheridium formation in <i>L. japonicum</i>. Furthermore, the possible involvement of auxin in the prothalli development of <i>L. japonicum</i> is suggested.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/12/2709antheridiumauxingibberellinabscisic acid<i>Lygodium japonicum</i>protonema |
| spellingShingle | Natsumi Ohishi Nanami Hoshika Mizuho Takeda Kyomi Shibata Hisakazu Yamane Takao Yokota Masashi Asahina Involvement of Auxin Biosynthesis and Transport in the Antheridium and Prothalli Formation in <i>Lygodium japonicum</i> Plants antheridium auxin gibberellin abscisic acid <i>Lygodium japonicum</i> protonema |
| title | Involvement of Auxin Biosynthesis and Transport in the Antheridium and Prothalli Formation in <i>Lygodium japonicum</i> |
| title_full | Involvement of Auxin Biosynthesis and Transport in the Antheridium and Prothalli Formation in <i>Lygodium japonicum</i> |
| title_fullStr | Involvement of Auxin Biosynthesis and Transport in the Antheridium and Prothalli Formation in <i>Lygodium japonicum</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Involvement of Auxin Biosynthesis and Transport in the Antheridium and Prothalli Formation in <i>Lygodium japonicum</i> |
| title_short | Involvement of Auxin Biosynthesis and Transport in the Antheridium and Prothalli Formation in <i>Lygodium japonicum</i> |
| title_sort | involvement of auxin biosynthesis and transport in the antheridium and prothalli formation in i lygodium japonicum i |
| topic | antheridium auxin gibberellin abscisic acid <i>Lygodium japonicum</i> protonema |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/12/2709 |
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