Nutritional and Nutrition-Related Biomarkers as Prognostic Factors of Sarcopenia, and Their Role in Disease Progression
Due to the multifactorial pathogenesis of sarcopenia, it is crucial to identify biomarkers that are risk factors for sarcopenia, and which therefore have a prognostic function. <b>Aim</b>: This narrative review aims to define a set of biomarkers associated with nutrition and sarcopenia....
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Diseases |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/10/3/42 |
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| author | Sousana K. Papadopoulou Gavriela Voulgaridou Foivi S. Kondyli Mariella Drakaki Kyriaki Sianidou Rozalia Andrianopoulou Nikolaos Rodopaios Agathi Pritsa |
| author_facet | Sousana K. Papadopoulou Gavriela Voulgaridou Foivi S. Kondyli Mariella Drakaki Kyriaki Sianidou Rozalia Andrianopoulou Nikolaos Rodopaios Agathi Pritsa |
| author_sort | Sousana K. Papadopoulou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Due to the multifactorial pathogenesis of sarcopenia, it is crucial to identify biomarkers that are risk factors for sarcopenia, and which therefore have a prognostic function. <b>Aim</b>: This narrative review aims to define a set of biomarkers associated with nutrition and sarcopenia. These biomarkers could contribute to individualized monitoring and enable preventive and therapeutic methods. <b>Methods</b>: Two electronic databases, PubMed and Google Scholar, were used. The search strategy was based on a controlled vocabulary (MeSH) and includes studies published up to February 2022. <b>Discussion</b>: Higher levels of serum uric acid are associated with higher handgrip strength and better muscle function in elderly people and, thus, may slow the progression of sarcopenia. Leptin, an adipokine secreted by adipose tissue, promotes the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn lead to sarcopenia. This makes leptin a significant indirect biomarker for physical disability and sarcopenic obesity. Additionally, creatinine is a reliable biomarker for muscle mass status because of its easy accessibility and cost-effectiveness. Vitamin D status acts as a useful biomarker for predicting total mortality, hip fractures, early death, and the development of sarcopenia. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in dietary antioxidants and their effects on age-related losses of muscle mass and function. On the other hand, 3-Methylhistidine is a valuable biomarker for detecting increased muscle catabolism, as it is excreted through urine during muscle degradation. In addition, IGF-1, whose concentration in plasma is stimulated by food intake, is associated with the loss of skeletal muscle mass, which probably plays a crucial role in the progression of sarcopenia. <b>Conclusions</b>: Many nutritional biomarkers were found to be associated with sarcopenia, and can therefore be used as prognostic indexes and risk factors. Nutrition plays an important role in the prevention and management of sarcopenia, affecting muscle mass, strength, and function in elderly people. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:15:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-45f601c12fd142ca8e77d099a4ecb6ce |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9721 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:15:48Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-45f601c12fd142ca8e77d099a4ecb6ce2023-11-23T15:51:34ZengMDPI AGDiseases2079-97212022-07-011034210.3390/diseases10030042Nutritional and Nutrition-Related Biomarkers as Prognostic Factors of Sarcopenia, and Their Role in Disease ProgressionSousana K. Papadopoulou0Gavriela Voulgaridou1Foivi S. Kondyli2Mariella Drakaki3Kyriaki Sianidou4Rozalia Andrianopoulou5Nikolaos Rodopaios6Agathi Pritsa7Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, GreeceDepartment of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, GreeceDepartment of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, GreeceDepartment of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, GreeceSchool of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, GreeceDepartment of Medical Laboratories, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, GreeceDepartment of Social Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Nutrition Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes, 71003 Iraklion, GreeceDepartment of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, GreeceDue to the multifactorial pathogenesis of sarcopenia, it is crucial to identify biomarkers that are risk factors for sarcopenia, and which therefore have a prognostic function. <b>Aim</b>: This narrative review aims to define a set of biomarkers associated with nutrition and sarcopenia. These biomarkers could contribute to individualized monitoring and enable preventive and therapeutic methods. <b>Methods</b>: Two electronic databases, PubMed and Google Scholar, were used. The search strategy was based on a controlled vocabulary (MeSH) and includes studies published up to February 2022. <b>Discussion</b>: Higher levels of serum uric acid are associated with higher handgrip strength and better muscle function in elderly people and, thus, may slow the progression of sarcopenia. Leptin, an adipokine secreted by adipose tissue, promotes the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn lead to sarcopenia. This makes leptin a significant indirect biomarker for physical disability and sarcopenic obesity. Additionally, creatinine is a reliable biomarker for muscle mass status because of its easy accessibility and cost-effectiveness. Vitamin D status acts as a useful biomarker for predicting total mortality, hip fractures, early death, and the development of sarcopenia. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in dietary antioxidants and their effects on age-related losses of muscle mass and function. On the other hand, 3-Methylhistidine is a valuable biomarker for detecting increased muscle catabolism, as it is excreted through urine during muscle degradation. In addition, IGF-1, whose concentration in plasma is stimulated by food intake, is associated with the loss of skeletal muscle mass, which probably plays a crucial role in the progression of sarcopenia. <b>Conclusions</b>: Many nutritional biomarkers were found to be associated with sarcopenia, and can therefore be used as prognostic indexes and risk factors. Nutrition plays an important role in the prevention and management of sarcopenia, affecting muscle mass, strength, and function in elderly people.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/10/3/42biomarkersnutritionsarcopeniamalnutrition |
| spellingShingle | Sousana K. Papadopoulou Gavriela Voulgaridou Foivi S. Kondyli Mariella Drakaki Kyriaki Sianidou Rozalia Andrianopoulou Nikolaos Rodopaios Agathi Pritsa Nutritional and Nutrition-Related Biomarkers as Prognostic Factors of Sarcopenia, and Their Role in Disease Progression Diseases biomarkers nutrition sarcopenia malnutrition |
| title | Nutritional and Nutrition-Related Biomarkers as Prognostic Factors of Sarcopenia, and Their Role in Disease Progression |
| title_full | Nutritional and Nutrition-Related Biomarkers as Prognostic Factors of Sarcopenia, and Their Role in Disease Progression |
| title_fullStr | Nutritional and Nutrition-Related Biomarkers as Prognostic Factors of Sarcopenia, and Their Role in Disease Progression |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nutritional and Nutrition-Related Biomarkers as Prognostic Factors of Sarcopenia, and Their Role in Disease Progression |
| title_short | Nutritional and Nutrition-Related Biomarkers as Prognostic Factors of Sarcopenia, and Their Role in Disease Progression |
| title_sort | nutritional and nutrition related biomarkers as prognostic factors of sarcopenia and their role in disease progression |
| topic | biomarkers nutrition sarcopenia malnutrition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/10/3/42 |
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