Chloroplast Genome Traits Correlate With Organismal Complexity and Ecological Traits in Chlorophyta
A positive relationship between cell size and chloroplast genome size within chloroplast-bearing protists has been hypothesized in the past and shown in some case studies, but other factors influencing chloroplast genome size during the evolution of chlorophyte algae have been less studied. We study...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2021.791166/full |
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| author | Jiao Fang Jiao Fang Yangliang Chen Yangliang Chen Guoxiang Liu Heroen Verbruggen Huan Zhu Huan Zhu |
| author_facet | Jiao Fang Jiao Fang Yangliang Chen Yangliang Chen Guoxiang Liu Heroen Verbruggen Huan Zhu Huan Zhu |
| author_sort | Jiao Fang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A positive relationship between cell size and chloroplast genome size within chloroplast-bearing protists has been hypothesized in the past and shown in some case studies, but other factors influencing chloroplast genome size during the evolution of chlorophyte algae have been less studied. We study chloroplast genome size and GC content as a function of habitats and cell size of chlorophyte algae. The chloroplast genome size of green algae in freshwater, marine and terrestrial habitats was differed significantly, with terrestrial algae having larger chloroplast genome sizes in general. The most important contributor to these enlarged genomes in terrestrial species was the length of intergenic regions. There was no clear difference in the GC content of chloroplast genomes from the three habitats categories. Functional morphological categories also showed differences in chloroplast genome size, with filamentous algae having substantially larger genomes than other forms of algae, and foliose algae had lower GC content than other groups. Chloroplast genome size showed no significant differences among the classes Ulvophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae, and Chlorophyceae, but the GC content of Chlorophyceae chloroplast genomes was significantly lower than that of Ulvophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae. There was a certain positive relationship between chloroplast genome size and cell size for the Chlorophyta as a whole and within each of three major classes. Our data also confirmed previous reports that ancestral quadripartite architecture had been lost many times independently in Chlorophyta. Finally, the comparison of the phenotype of chlorophytes algae harboring plastids uncovered that most of the investigated Chlorophyta algae housed a single plastid per cell. |
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| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-45fe2b21c6c8439cbe81ad2a5f059efb2022-12-21T22:42:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution2296-701X2021-12-01910.3389/fevo.2021.791166791166Chloroplast Genome Traits Correlate With Organismal Complexity and Ecological Traits in ChlorophytaJiao Fang0Jiao Fang1Yangliang Chen2Yangliang Chen3Guoxiang Liu4Heroen Verbruggen5Huan Zhu6Huan Zhu7Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, ChinaSchool of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaKey Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, ChinaA positive relationship between cell size and chloroplast genome size within chloroplast-bearing protists has been hypothesized in the past and shown in some case studies, but other factors influencing chloroplast genome size during the evolution of chlorophyte algae have been less studied. We study chloroplast genome size and GC content as a function of habitats and cell size of chlorophyte algae. The chloroplast genome size of green algae in freshwater, marine and terrestrial habitats was differed significantly, with terrestrial algae having larger chloroplast genome sizes in general. The most important contributor to these enlarged genomes in terrestrial species was the length of intergenic regions. There was no clear difference in the GC content of chloroplast genomes from the three habitats categories. Functional morphological categories also showed differences in chloroplast genome size, with filamentous algae having substantially larger genomes than other forms of algae, and foliose algae had lower GC content than other groups. Chloroplast genome size showed no significant differences among the classes Ulvophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae, and Chlorophyceae, but the GC content of Chlorophyceae chloroplast genomes was significantly lower than that of Ulvophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae. There was a certain positive relationship between chloroplast genome size and cell size for the Chlorophyta as a whole and within each of three major classes. Our data also confirmed previous reports that ancestral quadripartite architecture had been lost many times independently in Chlorophyta. Finally, the comparison of the phenotype of chlorophytes algae harboring plastids uncovered that most of the investigated Chlorophyta algae housed a single plastid per cell.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2021.791166/fullchloroplast genomescomparative analysisgreen algaeterrestrial algaecell sizehabitats |
| spellingShingle | Jiao Fang Jiao Fang Yangliang Chen Yangliang Chen Guoxiang Liu Heroen Verbruggen Huan Zhu Huan Zhu Chloroplast Genome Traits Correlate With Organismal Complexity and Ecological Traits in Chlorophyta Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution chloroplast genomes comparative analysis green algae terrestrial algae cell size habitats |
| title | Chloroplast Genome Traits Correlate With Organismal Complexity and Ecological Traits in Chlorophyta |
| title_full | Chloroplast Genome Traits Correlate With Organismal Complexity and Ecological Traits in Chlorophyta |
| title_fullStr | Chloroplast Genome Traits Correlate With Organismal Complexity and Ecological Traits in Chlorophyta |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chloroplast Genome Traits Correlate With Organismal Complexity and Ecological Traits in Chlorophyta |
| title_short | Chloroplast Genome Traits Correlate With Organismal Complexity and Ecological Traits in Chlorophyta |
| title_sort | chloroplast genome traits correlate with organismal complexity and ecological traits in chlorophyta |
| topic | chloroplast genomes comparative analysis green algae terrestrial algae cell size habitats |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2021.791166/full |
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