IMVAMUNE<sup>®</sup> and ACAM2000<sup>®</sup> Provide Different Protection against Disease When Administered Postexposure in an Intranasal Monkeypox Challenge Prairie Dog Model
The protection provided by smallpox vaccines when used after exposure to Orthopoxviruses is poorly understood. Postexposu re administration of 1st generation smallpox vaccines was effective during eradication. However, historical epidemiological reports and animal studies on postexposure vaccination...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/3/396 |
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| author | M. Shannon Keckler Johanna S Salzer Nishi Patel Michael B Townsend Yoshinori J Nakazawa Jeffrey B Doty Nadia F Gallardo-Romero Panayampalli S Satheshkumar Darin S Carroll Kevin L Karem Inger K Damon |
| author_facet | M. Shannon Keckler Johanna S Salzer Nishi Patel Michael B Townsend Yoshinori J Nakazawa Jeffrey B Doty Nadia F Gallardo-Romero Panayampalli S Satheshkumar Darin S Carroll Kevin L Karem Inger K Damon |
| author_sort | M. Shannon Keckler |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The protection provided by smallpox vaccines when used after exposure to Orthopoxviruses is poorly understood. Postexposu re administration of 1st generation smallpox vaccines was effective during eradication. However, historical epidemiological reports and animal studies on postexposure vaccination are difficult to extrapolate to today’s populations, and 2nd and 3rd generation vaccines, developed after eradication, have not been widely tested in postexposure vaccination scenarios. In addition to concerns about preparedness for a potential malevolent reintroduction of variola virus, humans are becoming increasingly exposed to naturally occurring zoonotic orthopoxviruses and, following these exposures, disease severity is worse in individuals who never received smallpox vaccination. This study investigated whether postexposure vaccination of prairie dogs with 2nd and 3rd generation smallpox vaccines was protective against monkeypox disease in four exposure scenarios. We infected animals with monkeypox virus at doses of 10<sup>4</sup> pfu (2× LD<sub>50</sub>) or 10<sup>6</sup> pfu (170× LD<sub>50</sub>) and vaccinated the animals with IMVAMUNE<sup>®</sup> or ACAM2000<sup>®</sup> either 1 or 3 days after challenge. Our results indicated that postexposure vaccination protected the animals to some degree from the 2× LD<sub>50</sub>, but not the 170× LD<sub>5</sub> challenge. In the 2× LD<sub>50</sub> challenge, we also observed that administration of vaccine at 1 day was more effective than administration at 3 days postexposure for IMVAMUNE<sup>®</sup>, but ACAM2000<sup>®</sup> was similarly effective at either postexposure vaccination time-point. The effects of postexposure vaccination and correlations with survival of total and neutralizing antibody responses, protein targets, take formation, weight loss, rash burden, and viral DNA are also presented. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:20:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-45feba1fdaaf47beb6d477cf9db7c9cd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:20:40Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
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| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-45feba1fdaaf47beb6d477cf9db7c9cd2023-11-20T07:19:13ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2020-07-018339610.3390/vaccines8030396IMVAMUNE<sup>®</sup> and ACAM2000<sup>®</sup> Provide Different Protection against Disease When Administered Postexposure in an Intranasal Monkeypox Challenge Prairie Dog ModelM. Shannon Keckler0Johanna S Salzer1Nishi Patel2Michael B Townsend3Yoshinori J Nakazawa4Jeffrey B Doty5Nadia F Gallardo-Romero6Panayampalli S Satheshkumar7Darin S Carroll8Kevin L Karem9Inger K Damon10Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USAPoxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USAPoxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USAPoxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USAPoxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USAPoxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USAPoxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USAPoxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USAPoxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USAPoxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USAPoxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USAThe protection provided by smallpox vaccines when used after exposure to Orthopoxviruses is poorly understood. Postexposu re administration of 1st generation smallpox vaccines was effective during eradication. However, historical epidemiological reports and animal studies on postexposure vaccination are difficult to extrapolate to today’s populations, and 2nd and 3rd generation vaccines, developed after eradication, have not been widely tested in postexposure vaccination scenarios. In addition to concerns about preparedness for a potential malevolent reintroduction of variola virus, humans are becoming increasingly exposed to naturally occurring zoonotic orthopoxviruses and, following these exposures, disease severity is worse in individuals who never received smallpox vaccination. This study investigated whether postexposure vaccination of prairie dogs with 2nd and 3rd generation smallpox vaccines was protective against monkeypox disease in four exposure scenarios. We infected animals with monkeypox virus at doses of 10<sup>4</sup> pfu (2× LD<sub>50</sub>) or 10<sup>6</sup> pfu (170× LD<sub>50</sub>) and vaccinated the animals with IMVAMUNE<sup>®</sup> or ACAM2000<sup>®</sup> either 1 or 3 days after challenge. Our results indicated that postexposure vaccination protected the animals to some degree from the 2× LD<sub>50</sub>, but not the 170× LD<sub>5</sub> challenge. In the 2× LD<sub>50</sub> challenge, we also observed that administration of vaccine at 1 day was more effective than administration at 3 days postexposure for IMVAMUNE<sup>®</sup>, but ACAM2000<sup>®</sup> was similarly effective at either postexposure vaccination time-point. The effects of postexposure vaccination and correlations with survival of total and neutralizing antibody responses, protein targets, take formation, weight loss, rash burden, and viral DNA are also presented.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/3/396monkeypox viruspostexposure vaccinationsmallpox vaccinesprairie dog model |
| spellingShingle | M. Shannon Keckler Johanna S Salzer Nishi Patel Michael B Townsend Yoshinori J Nakazawa Jeffrey B Doty Nadia F Gallardo-Romero Panayampalli S Satheshkumar Darin S Carroll Kevin L Karem Inger K Damon IMVAMUNE<sup>®</sup> and ACAM2000<sup>®</sup> Provide Different Protection against Disease When Administered Postexposure in an Intranasal Monkeypox Challenge Prairie Dog Model Vaccines monkeypox virus postexposure vaccination smallpox vaccines prairie dog model |
| title | IMVAMUNE<sup>®</sup> and ACAM2000<sup>®</sup> Provide Different Protection against Disease When Administered Postexposure in an Intranasal Monkeypox Challenge Prairie Dog Model |
| title_full | IMVAMUNE<sup>®</sup> and ACAM2000<sup>®</sup> Provide Different Protection against Disease When Administered Postexposure in an Intranasal Monkeypox Challenge Prairie Dog Model |
| title_fullStr | IMVAMUNE<sup>®</sup> and ACAM2000<sup>®</sup> Provide Different Protection against Disease When Administered Postexposure in an Intranasal Monkeypox Challenge Prairie Dog Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | IMVAMUNE<sup>®</sup> and ACAM2000<sup>®</sup> Provide Different Protection against Disease When Administered Postexposure in an Intranasal Monkeypox Challenge Prairie Dog Model |
| title_short | IMVAMUNE<sup>®</sup> and ACAM2000<sup>®</sup> Provide Different Protection against Disease When Administered Postexposure in an Intranasal Monkeypox Challenge Prairie Dog Model |
| title_sort | imvamune sup r sup and acam2000 sup r sup provide different protection against disease when administered postexposure in an intranasal monkeypox challenge prairie dog model |
| topic | monkeypox virus postexposure vaccination smallpox vaccines prairie dog model |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/3/396 |
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