Recovery of High Purity Lignin and Digestible Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Using Low Acid-Catalyzed Organosolv Pretreatment
The lignocellulosic residue from the palm oil industry, oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), represents a challenge to both producing industries and environment due to its disposal difficulties. Alternatively, OPEFB can be used for the production of valuable products if pretreatment methods, which ov...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/5/674 |
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| author | Kinanthi Mondylaksita Jorge A. Ferreira Ria Millati Wiratni Budhijanto Claes Niklasson Mohammad J. Taherzadeh |
| author_facet | Kinanthi Mondylaksita Jorge A. Ferreira Ria Millati Wiratni Budhijanto Claes Niklasson Mohammad J. Taherzadeh |
| author_sort | Kinanthi Mondylaksita |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The lignocellulosic residue from the palm oil industry, oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), represents a challenge to both producing industries and environment due to its disposal difficulties. Alternatively, OPEFB can be used for the production of valuable products if pretreatment methods, which overcome OPEFB recalcitrance and allow tailored valorization of all its carbohydrates and lignin, are developed. Specifically, high-value applications for lignin, to increase its contribution to the feasibility of lignocellulosic biorefineries, demand high-purity fractions. In this study, acid-catalyzed organosolv using ethanol as a solvent was used for the recovery of high-purity lignin and digestible cellulose. Factors including catalyst type and its concentration, temperature, retention time, and solid-to-liquid (S/L) ratio were found to influence lignin purity and recovery. At the best conditions (0.07% H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, 210 °C, 90 min, and S/L ratio of 1:10), a lignin purity and recovery of 70.6 ± 4.9% and 64.94 ± 1.09%, respectively, were obtained in addition to the glucan-rich fraction. The glucan-rich fraction showed 94.06 ± 4.71% digestibility within 18 h at an enzyme loading of 30 filter paper units (FPU) /g glucan. Therefore, ethanol organosolv can be used for fractionating OPEFB into three high-quality fractions (glucan, lignin, and hemicellulosic compounds) for further tailored biorefining using low acid concentrations. Especially, the use of ethanol opens the possibility for integration of 1st and 2nd generation ethanol benefiting from the separation of high-purity lignin. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:54:21Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:54:21Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-46062630151043a7a841d91c1f8473a22023-11-20T00:02:12ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952020-05-0110567410.3390/agronomy10050674Recovery of High Purity Lignin and Digestible Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Using Low Acid-Catalyzed Organosolv PretreatmentKinanthi Mondylaksita0Jorge A. Ferreira1Ria Millati2Wiratni Budhijanto3Claes Niklasson4Mohammad J. Taherzadeh5Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, SwedenSwedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, SwedenDepartment of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, SwedenSwedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, SwedenThe lignocellulosic residue from the palm oil industry, oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), represents a challenge to both producing industries and environment due to its disposal difficulties. Alternatively, OPEFB can be used for the production of valuable products if pretreatment methods, which overcome OPEFB recalcitrance and allow tailored valorization of all its carbohydrates and lignin, are developed. Specifically, high-value applications for lignin, to increase its contribution to the feasibility of lignocellulosic biorefineries, demand high-purity fractions. In this study, acid-catalyzed organosolv using ethanol as a solvent was used for the recovery of high-purity lignin and digestible cellulose. Factors including catalyst type and its concentration, temperature, retention time, and solid-to-liquid (S/L) ratio were found to influence lignin purity and recovery. At the best conditions (0.07% H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, 210 °C, 90 min, and S/L ratio of 1:10), a lignin purity and recovery of 70.6 ± 4.9% and 64.94 ± 1.09%, respectively, were obtained in addition to the glucan-rich fraction. The glucan-rich fraction showed 94.06 ± 4.71% digestibility within 18 h at an enzyme loading of 30 filter paper units (FPU) /g glucan. Therefore, ethanol organosolv can be used for fractionating OPEFB into three high-quality fractions (glucan, lignin, and hemicellulosic compounds) for further tailored biorefining using low acid concentrations. Especially, the use of ethanol opens the possibility for integration of 1st and 2nd generation ethanol benefiting from the separation of high-purity lignin.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/5/674oil palm empty fruit bunchlignin recoverylignin puritydigestible celluloseorganosolv pretreatment |
| spellingShingle | Kinanthi Mondylaksita Jorge A. Ferreira Ria Millati Wiratni Budhijanto Claes Niklasson Mohammad J. Taherzadeh Recovery of High Purity Lignin and Digestible Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Using Low Acid-Catalyzed Organosolv Pretreatment Agronomy oil palm empty fruit bunch lignin recovery lignin purity digestible cellulose organosolv pretreatment |
| title | Recovery of High Purity Lignin and Digestible Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Using Low Acid-Catalyzed Organosolv Pretreatment |
| title_full | Recovery of High Purity Lignin and Digestible Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Using Low Acid-Catalyzed Organosolv Pretreatment |
| title_fullStr | Recovery of High Purity Lignin and Digestible Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Using Low Acid-Catalyzed Organosolv Pretreatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recovery of High Purity Lignin and Digestible Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Using Low Acid-Catalyzed Organosolv Pretreatment |
| title_short | Recovery of High Purity Lignin and Digestible Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Using Low Acid-Catalyzed Organosolv Pretreatment |
| title_sort | recovery of high purity lignin and digestible cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch using low acid catalyzed organosolv pretreatment |
| topic | oil palm empty fruit bunch lignin recovery lignin purity digestible cellulose organosolv pretreatment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/5/674 |
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