A 7 Day Multiwavelength Flare Campaign on AU Mic. I. High-time-resolution Light Curves and the Thermal Empirical Neupert Effect
We present light curves and flares from a 7 day, multiwavelength observational campaign of AU Mic, a young and active dM1e star with exoplanets and a debris disk. We report on 73 unique flares between the X-ray to optical data. We use high-time-resolution near-UV (NUV) photometry and soft X-ray (SXR...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acc94f |
| _version_ | 1797699643235106816 |
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| author | Isaiah I. Tristan Yuta Notsu Adam F. Kowalski Alexander Brown John P. Wisniewski Rachel A. Osten Eliot H. Vrijmoet Graeme L. White Brad D. Carter Carol A. Grady Todd J. Henry Rodrigo H. Hinojosa Jamie R. Lomax James E. Neff Leonardo A. Paredes Jack Soutter |
| author_facet | Isaiah I. Tristan Yuta Notsu Adam F. Kowalski Alexander Brown John P. Wisniewski Rachel A. Osten Eliot H. Vrijmoet Graeme L. White Brad D. Carter Carol A. Grady Todd J. Henry Rodrigo H. Hinojosa Jamie R. Lomax James E. Neff Leonardo A. Paredes Jack Soutter |
| author_sort | Isaiah I. Tristan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present light curves and flares from a 7 day, multiwavelength observational campaign of AU Mic, a young and active dM1e star with exoplanets and a debris disk. We report on 73 unique flares between the X-ray to optical data. We use high-time-resolution near-UV (NUV) photometry and soft X-ray (SXR) data from the X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission to study the empirical Neupert effect, which correlates the gradual and impulsive phase flaring emissions. We find that 65% (30 of 46) flares do not follow the Neupert effect, which is 3 times more excursions than seen in solar flares, and propose a four-part Neupert effect classification (Neupert, quasi-Neupert, non-Neupert types I and II) to explain the multiwavelength responses. While the SXR emission generally lags behind the NUV as expected from the chromospheric evaporation flare models, the Neupert effect is more prevalent in larger, more impulsive flares. Preliminary flaring rate analysis with X-ray and U -band data suggests that previously estimated energy ratios hold for a collection of flares observed over the same time period, but not necessarily for an individual, multiwavelength flare. These results imply that one model cannot explain all stellar flares and care should be taken when extrapolating between wavelength regimes. Future work will expand wavelength coverage using radio data to constrain the nonthermal empirical and theoretical Neupert effects to better refine models and bridge the gap between stellar and solar flare physics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:10:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-460a9b9850c84db4a948fb6b96f4fcae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:10:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-460a9b9850c84db4a948fb6b96f4fcae2023-09-03T11:05:18ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572023-01-0195113310.3847/1538-4357/acc94fA 7 Day Multiwavelength Flare Campaign on AU Mic. I. High-time-resolution Light Curves and the Thermal Empirical Neupert EffectIsaiah I. Tristan0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5974-4758Yuta Notsu1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0412-0849Adam F. Kowalski2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7458-1176Alexander Brown3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-3905John P. Wisniewski4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9209-1808Rachel A. Osten5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5643-8421Eliot H. Vrijmoet6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1864-6120Graeme L. White7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4914-6292Brad D. Carter8Carol A. Grady9https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5440-1879Todd J. Henry10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9061-2865Rodrigo H. Hinojosa11Jamie R. Lomax12https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8470-0853James E. Neff13Leonardo A. Paredes14https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1324-0495Jack Soutter15Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder , 2000 Colorado Avenue, CO 80305, USA ; Isaiah.Tristan@colorado.edu; Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder , 3665 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; National Solar Observatory, University of Colorado Boulder , 3665 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO 80303, USADepartment of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder , 2000 Colorado Avenue, CO 80305, USA ; Isaiah.Tristan@colorado.edu; Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder , 3665 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; National Solar Observatory, University of Colorado Boulder , 3665 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, JapanDepartment of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder , 2000 Colorado Avenue, CO 80305, USA ; Isaiah.Tristan@colorado.edu; Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder , 3665 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; National Solar Observatory, University of Colorado Boulder , 3665 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO 80303, USACenter for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado Boulder , 389 UCB, CO 80309, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University , 4400 University Drive, MS 3F3, Fairfax, VA 22030, USASpace Telescope Science Institute , Baltimore, MD 21218, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University , Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; RECONS Institute , Chambersburg, PA 17201, USAComputational Engineering and Science Research Centre, University of Southern Queensland , Toowoomba 4350, AustraliaComputational Engineering and Science Research Centre, University of Southern Queensland , Toowoomba 4350, AustraliaEureka Scientific , 2452 Delmer, Suite 100, Oakland, CA 94602-3017, USARECONS Institute , Chambersburg, PA 17201, USACerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory , CTIO/AURA Inc., La Serena, ChileDepartment of Physics, United States Naval Academy , 572c Holloway RD, Annapolis, MD 21402, USADivision of Astronomical Sciences, National Science Foundation , Alexandria, VA 22314, USARECONS Institute , Chambersburg, PA 17201, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University , Atlanta, GA 30302, USAComputational Engineering and Science Research Centre, University of Southern Queensland , Toowoomba 4350, AustraliaWe present light curves and flares from a 7 day, multiwavelength observational campaign of AU Mic, a young and active dM1e star with exoplanets and a debris disk. We report on 73 unique flares between the X-ray to optical data. We use high-time-resolution near-UV (NUV) photometry and soft X-ray (SXR) data from the X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission to study the empirical Neupert effect, which correlates the gradual and impulsive phase flaring emissions. We find that 65% (30 of 46) flares do not follow the Neupert effect, which is 3 times more excursions than seen in solar flares, and propose a four-part Neupert effect classification (Neupert, quasi-Neupert, non-Neupert types I and II) to explain the multiwavelength responses. While the SXR emission generally lags behind the NUV as expected from the chromospheric evaporation flare models, the Neupert effect is more prevalent in larger, more impulsive flares. Preliminary flaring rate analysis with X-ray and U -band data suggests that previously estimated energy ratios hold for a collection of flares observed over the same time period, but not necessarily for an individual, multiwavelength flare. These results imply that one model cannot explain all stellar flares and care should be taken when extrapolating between wavelength regimes. Future work will expand wavelength coverage using radio data to constrain the nonthermal empirical and theoretical Neupert effects to better refine models and bridge the gap between stellar and solar flare physics.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acc94fRed dwarf flare starsStellar activityStellar flaresOptical flaresStellar x-ray flaresPlanet hosting stars |
| spellingShingle | Isaiah I. Tristan Yuta Notsu Adam F. Kowalski Alexander Brown John P. Wisniewski Rachel A. Osten Eliot H. Vrijmoet Graeme L. White Brad D. Carter Carol A. Grady Todd J. Henry Rodrigo H. Hinojosa Jamie R. Lomax James E. Neff Leonardo A. Paredes Jack Soutter A 7 Day Multiwavelength Flare Campaign on AU Mic. I. High-time-resolution Light Curves and the Thermal Empirical Neupert Effect The Astrophysical Journal Red dwarf flare stars Stellar activity Stellar flares Optical flares Stellar x-ray flares Planet hosting stars |
| title | A 7 Day Multiwavelength Flare Campaign on AU Mic. I. High-time-resolution Light Curves and the Thermal Empirical Neupert Effect |
| title_full | A 7 Day Multiwavelength Flare Campaign on AU Mic. I. High-time-resolution Light Curves and the Thermal Empirical Neupert Effect |
| title_fullStr | A 7 Day Multiwavelength Flare Campaign on AU Mic. I. High-time-resolution Light Curves and the Thermal Empirical Neupert Effect |
| title_full_unstemmed | A 7 Day Multiwavelength Flare Campaign on AU Mic. I. High-time-resolution Light Curves and the Thermal Empirical Neupert Effect |
| title_short | A 7 Day Multiwavelength Flare Campaign on AU Mic. I. High-time-resolution Light Curves and the Thermal Empirical Neupert Effect |
| title_sort | 7 day multiwavelength flare campaign on au mic i high time resolution light curves and the thermal empirical neupert effect |
| topic | Red dwarf flare stars Stellar activity Stellar flares Optical flares Stellar x-ray flares Planet hosting stars |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acc94f |
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