Geographic Differentiation of Essential Oil from Rhizome of Cultivated <i>Atractylodes lancea</i> by Using GC-MS and Chemical Pattern Recognition Analysis
The rhizome of <i>Atractylodes lancea</i> (RAL) is a well-known Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) that has been applied in clinical settings for thousands of years. In the past two decades, cultivated RAL has gradually replaced wild RAL and become mainstream in clinical practice. The quality...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/5/2216 |
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| author | Baohong Song Wei Wang Ruipeng Liu Jinjin Cai Yuanyuan Jiang Xuemei Tang Hongfei Wu Hui Ao Lu Chen |
| author_facet | Baohong Song Wei Wang Ruipeng Liu Jinjin Cai Yuanyuan Jiang Xuemei Tang Hongfei Wu Hui Ao Lu Chen |
| author_sort | Baohong Song |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The rhizome of <i>Atractylodes lancea</i> (RAL) is a well-known Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) that has been applied in clinical settings for thousands of years. In the past two decades, cultivated RAL has gradually replaced wild RAL and become mainstream in clinical practice. The quality of CHM is significantly influenced by its geographical origin. To date, limited studies have compared the composition of cultivated RAL from different geographical origins. As essential oil is the primary active component of RAL, a strategy combining gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and chemical pattern recognition was first applied to compare the essential oil of RAL (RALO) from different regions in China. Total ion chromatography (TIC) revealed that RALO from different origins had a similar composition; however, the relative content of the main compounds varied significantly. In addition, 26 samples obtained from various regions were divided into three categories by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Combined with the geographical location and chemical composition analysis, the producing regions of RAL were classified into three areas. The main compounds of RALO vary depending on the production areas. Furthermore, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that there were significant differences in six compounds, including modephene, caryophyllene, γ-elemene, atractylon, hinesol, and atractylodin, between the three areas. Hinesol, atractylon, and β-eudesmol were selected as the potential markers for distinguishing different areas by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). In conclusion, by combining GC-MS with chemical pattern recognition analysis, this research has identified the chemical variations across various producing areas and developed an effective method for geographic origin tracking of cultivated RAL based on essential oils. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:16:23Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:16:23Z |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-4612e213126c44d98c1d4327e80ed0392023-11-17T08:13:35ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-02-01285221610.3390/molecules28052216Geographic Differentiation of Essential Oil from Rhizome of Cultivated <i>Atractylodes lancea</i> by Using GC-MS and Chemical Pattern Recognition AnalysisBaohong Song0Wei Wang1Ruipeng Liu2Jinjin Cai3Yuanyuan Jiang4Xuemei Tang5Hongfei Wu6Hui Ao7Lu Chen8State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, ChinaHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, ChinaChengdu Institute of Food Inspection, Chengdu 610045, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, ChinaThe rhizome of <i>Atractylodes lancea</i> (RAL) is a well-known Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) that has been applied in clinical settings for thousands of years. In the past two decades, cultivated RAL has gradually replaced wild RAL and become mainstream in clinical practice. The quality of CHM is significantly influenced by its geographical origin. To date, limited studies have compared the composition of cultivated RAL from different geographical origins. As essential oil is the primary active component of RAL, a strategy combining gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and chemical pattern recognition was first applied to compare the essential oil of RAL (RALO) from different regions in China. Total ion chromatography (TIC) revealed that RALO from different origins had a similar composition; however, the relative content of the main compounds varied significantly. In addition, 26 samples obtained from various regions were divided into three categories by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Combined with the geographical location and chemical composition analysis, the producing regions of RAL were classified into three areas. The main compounds of RALO vary depending on the production areas. Furthermore, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that there were significant differences in six compounds, including modephene, caryophyllene, γ-elemene, atractylon, hinesol, and atractylodin, between the three areas. Hinesol, atractylon, and β-eudesmol were selected as the potential markers for distinguishing different areas by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). In conclusion, by combining GC-MS with chemical pattern recognition analysis, this research has identified the chemical variations across various producing areas and developed an effective method for geographic origin tracking of cultivated RAL based on essential oils.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/5/2216<i>Atractylodes lancea</i>GC-MSessential oilchemical pattern recognition analysisgeographic origin |
| spellingShingle | Baohong Song Wei Wang Ruipeng Liu Jinjin Cai Yuanyuan Jiang Xuemei Tang Hongfei Wu Hui Ao Lu Chen Geographic Differentiation of Essential Oil from Rhizome of Cultivated <i>Atractylodes lancea</i> by Using GC-MS and Chemical Pattern Recognition Analysis Molecules <i>Atractylodes lancea</i> GC-MS essential oil chemical pattern recognition analysis geographic origin |
| title | Geographic Differentiation of Essential Oil from Rhizome of Cultivated <i>Atractylodes lancea</i> by Using GC-MS and Chemical Pattern Recognition Analysis |
| title_full | Geographic Differentiation of Essential Oil from Rhizome of Cultivated <i>Atractylodes lancea</i> by Using GC-MS and Chemical Pattern Recognition Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Geographic Differentiation of Essential Oil from Rhizome of Cultivated <i>Atractylodes lancea</i> by Using GC-MS and Chemical Pattern Recognition Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geographic Differentiation of Essential Oil from Rhizome of Cultivated <i>Atractylodes lancea</i> by Using GC-MS and Chemical Pattern Recognition Analysis |
| title_short | Geographic Differentiation of Essential Oil from Rhizome of Cultivated <i>Atractylodes lancea</i> by Using GC-MS and Chemical Pattern Recognition Analysis |
| title_sort | geographic differentiation of essential oil from rhizome of cultivated i atractylodes lancea i by using gc ms and chemical pattern recognition analysis |
| topic | <i>Atractylodes lancea</i> GC-MS essential oil chemical pattern recognition analysis geographic origin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/5/2216 |
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