Direct impact of commonly used dietary emulsifiers on human gut microbiota
Abstract Background Epidemiologic evidence and animal studies implicate dietary emulsifiers in contributing to the increased prevalence of diseases associated with intestinal inflammation, including inflammatory bowel diseases and metabolic syndrome. Two synthetic emulsifiers in particular, carboxym...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Microbiome |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-020-00996-6 |
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| author | Sabrine Naimi Emilie Viennois Andrew T. Gewirtz Benoit Chassaing |
| author_facet | Sabrine Naimi Emilie Viennois Andrew T. Gewirtz Benoit Chassaing |
| author_sort | Sabrine Naimi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Epidemiologic evidence and animal studies implicate dietary emulsifiers in contributing to the increased prevalence of diseases associated with intestinal inflammation, including inflammatory bowel diseases and metabolic syndrome. Two synthetic emulsifiers in particular, carboxymethylcellulose and polysorbate 80, profoundly impact intestinal microbiota in a manner that promotes gut inflammation and associated disease states. In contrast, the extent to which other food additives with emulsifying properties might impact intestinal microbiota composition and function is not yet known. Methods To help fill this knowledge gap, we examined here the extent to which a human microbiota, maintained ex vivo in the MiniBioReactor Array model, was impacted by 20 different commonly used dietary emulsifiers. Microbiota density, composition, gene expression, and pro-inflammatory potential (bioactive lipopolysaccharide and flagellin) were measured daily. Results In accordance with previous studies, both carboxymethylcellulose and polysorbate 80 induced a lasting seemingly detrimental impact on microbiota composition and function. While many of the other 18 additives tested had impacts of similar extent, some, such as lecithin, did not significantly impact microbiota in this model. Particularly stark detrimental impacts were observed in response to various carrageenans and gums, which altered microbiota density, composition, and expression of pro-inflammatory molecules. Conclusions These results indicate that numerous, but not all, commonly used emulsifiers can directly alter gut microbiota in a manner expected to promote intestinal inflammation. Moreover, these data suggest that clinical trials are needed to reduce the usage of the most detrimental compounds in favor of the use of emulsifying agents with no or low impact on the microbiota. Video abstract |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T21:37:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-461d4ecaa95849cd9c645e008ecedd4f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2049-2618 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T21:37:41Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microbiome |
| spelling | doaj.art-461d4ecaa95849cd9c645e008ecedd4f2022-12-21T21:31:42ZengBMCMicrobiome2049-26182021-03-019111910.1186/s40168-020-00996-6Direct impact of commonly used dietary emulsifiers on human gut microbiotaSabrine Naimi0Emilie Viennois1Andrew T. Gewirtz2Benoit Chassaing3INSERM U1016, team “Mucosal microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases”, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de ParisINSERM, U1149, Center of Research on Inflammation, Université de ParisInstitute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Digestive Disease Research Group, Georgia State UniversityINSERM U1016, team “Mucosal microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases”, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de ParisAbstract Background Epidemiologic evidence and animal studies implicate dietary emulsifiers in contributing to the increased prevalence of diseases associated with intestinal inflammation, including inflammatory bowel diseases and metabolic syndrome. Two synthetic emulsifiers in particular, carboxymethylcellulose and polysorbate 80, profoundly impact intestinal microbiota in a manner that promotes gut inflammation and associated disease states. In contrast, the extent to which other food additives with emulsifying properties might impact intestinal microbiota composition and function is not yet known. Methods To help fill this knowledge gap, we examined here the extent to which a human microbiota, maintained ex vivo in the MiniBioReactor Array model, was impacted by 20 different commonly used dietary emulsifiers. Microbiota density, composition, gene expression, and pro-inflammatory potential (bioactive lipopolysaccharide and flagellin) were measured daily. Results In accordance with previous studies, both carboxymethylcellulose and polysorbate 80 induced a lasting seemingly detrimental impact on microbiota composition and function. While many of the other 18 additives tested had impacts of similar extent, some, such as lecithin, did not significantly impact microbiota in this model. Particularly stark detrimental impacts were observed in response to various carrageenans and gums, which altered microbiota density, composition, and expression of pro-inflammatory molecules. Conclusions These results indicate that numerous, but not all, commonly used emulsifiers can directly alter gut microbiota in a manner expected to promote intestinal inflammation. Moreover, these data suggest that clinical trials are needed to reduce the usage of the most detrimental compounds in favor of the use of emulsifying agents with no or low impact on the microbiota. Video abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-020-00996-6Gut microbiotaIntestinal inflammationIBDDietary emulsifier |
| spellingShingle | Sabrine Naimi Emilie Viennois Andrew T. Gewirtz Benoit Chassaing Direct impact of commonly used dietary emulsifiers on human gut microbiota Microbiome Gut microbiota Intestinal inflammation IBD Dietary emulsifier |
| title | Direct impact of commonly used dietary emulsifiers on human gut microbiota |
| title_full | Direct impact of commonly used dietary emulsifiers on human gut microbiota |
| title_fullStr | Direct impact of commonly used dietary emulsifiers on human gut microbiota |
| title_full_unstemmed | Direct impact of commonly used dietary emulsifiers on human gut microbiota |
| title_short | Direct impact of commonly used dietary emulsifiers on human gut microbiota |
| title_sort | direct impact of commonly used dietary emulsifiers on human gut microbiota |
| topic | Gut microbiota Intestinal inflammation IBD Dietary emulsifier |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-020-00996-6 |
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