Survey and Comparative Study of LoRa-Enabled Simulators for Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Networks
The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most important emerging technologies, spanning a myriad of possible applications, especially with the increasing number and variety of connected devices. Several network simulation tools have been developed with widely varying focuses and used in many resea...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-07-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5546 |
| _version_ | 1797412333654376448 |
|---|---|
| author | Sadiq Idris Thenuka Karunathilake Anna Förster |
| author_facet | Sadiq Idris Thenuka Karunathilake Anna Förster |
| author_sort | Sadiq Idris |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most important emerging technologies, spanning a myriad of possible applications, especially with the increasing number and variety of connected devices. Several network simulation tools have been developed with widely varying focuses and used in many research fields. Thus, it is critical to simulate the work of such systems and applications before actual deployment. This paper explores the landscape of available IoT and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) simulators and compares their performance using the Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) communication technology called LoRa (Long Range), which has recently gained a lot of interest. Using a systematic approach, we present a chronological survey of available IoT and WSNs simulation tools. With this, we categorized and content-analyzed published scientific papers in the IoT and WSNs simulation tools research domain by highlighting the simulation tools, study type, scope of study and performance measures of the studies. Next, we present an overview of LoRa/LoRaWAN technology by considering its architecture, transmission parameters, device classes and available simulation tools. Furthermore, we discussed three popular open-source simulation tools/frameworks, namely, NS-3, OMNeT++ (FLoRa) and LoRaSim, for the simulation of LoRa/LoRaWAN networks. Finally, we evaluate their performance in terms of Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), CPU utilization, memory usage, execution time and the number of collisions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:00:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4627f6800fd64c028b14990a906cc137 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:00:56Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-4627f6800fd64c028b14990a906cc1372023-12-03T13:00:06ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-07-012215554610.3390/s22155546Survey and Comparative Study of LoRa-Enabled Simulators for Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor NetworksSadiq Idris0Thenuka Karunathilake1Anna Förster2Communication and Information Technology, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, GermanySustainable Communication Networks, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, GermanySustainable Communication Networks, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, GermanyThe Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most important emerging technologies, spanning a myriad of possible applications, especially with the increasing number and variety of connected devices. Several network simulation tools have been developed with widely varying focuses and used in many research fields. Thus, it is critical to simulate the work of such systems and applications before actual deployment. This paper explores the landscape of available IoT and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) simulators and compares their performance using the Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) communication technology called LoRa (Long Range), which has recently gained a lot of interest. Using a systematic approach, we present a chronological survey of available IoT and WSNs simulation tools. With this, we categorized and content-analyzed published scientific papers in the IoT and WSNs simulation tools research domain by highlighting the simulation tools, study type, scope of study and performance measures of the studies. Next, we present an overview of LoRa/LoRaWAN technology by considering its architecture, transmission parameters, device classes and available simulation tools. Furthermore, we discussed three popular open-source simulation tools/frameworks, namely, NS-3, OMNeT++ (FLoRa) and LoRaSim, for the simulation of LoRa/LoRaWAN networks. Finally, we evaluate their performance in terms of Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), CPU utilization, memory usage, execution time and the number of collisions.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5546IoTLoRaLoRaWANLPWANsimulation toolsWSN |
| spellingShingle | Sadiq Idris Thenuka Karunathilake Anna Förster Survey and Comparative Study of LoRa-Enabled Simulators for Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Networks Sensors IoT LoRa LoRaWAN LPWAN simulation tools WSN |
| title | Survey and Comparative Study of LoRa-Enabled Simulators for Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_full | Survey and Comparative Study of LoRa-Enabled Simulators for Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_fullStr | Survey and Comparative Study of LoRa-Enabled Simulators for Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Survey and Comparative Study of LoRa-Enabled Simulators for Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_short | Survey and Comparative Study of LoRa-Enabled Simulators for Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_sort | survey and comparative study of lora enabled simulators for internet of things and wireless sensor networks |
| topic | IoT LoRa LoRaWAN LPWAN simulation tools WSN |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5546 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sadiqidris surveyandcomparativestudyofloraenabledsimulatorsforinternetofthingsandwirelesssensornetworks AT thenukakarunathilake surveyandcomparativestudyofloraenabledsimulatorsforinternetofthingsandwirelesssensornetworks AT annaforster surveyandcomparativestudyofloraenabledsimulatorsforinternetofthingsandwirelesssensornetworks |