Near-infrared signature of hydrothermal opal: a case study of Icelandic silica sinters
<p>Silica minerals constitute a main target to assess the origin of life or the possibility of its emergence. On Earth, ancient hydrothermal silica deposits have preserved the oldest forms of life. Beyond Earth, such silica-rich hydrothermal systems have been observed on Mars by orbital near-i...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2023-11-01
|
| Series: | European Journal of Mineralogy |
| Online Access: | https://ejm.copernicus.org/articles/35/949/2023/ejm-35-949-2023.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797629561447383040 |
|---|---|
| author | M. Pineau M. Pineau B. Chauviré B. Chauviré B. Rondeau |
| author_facet | M. Pineau M. Pineau B. Chauviré B. Chauviré B. Rondeau |
| author_sort | M. Pineau |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Silica minerals constitute a main target to assess the origin of life or the possibility of its emergence. On Earth, ancient hydrothermal silica deposits have preserved the oldest forms of life. Beyond Earth, such silica-rich hydrothermal systems have been observed on Mars by orbital near-infrared (NIR) remote sensing and in situ rover exploration. This work investigates the variations of texture and NIR properties of opal with temperature, within a single geological context of hot springs. Silica sinters have been sampled in Icelandic hot-spring fields, in the Reykholt region, and at the Hveravellir site, with water temperature ranging from 14 to 101 <span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>C. Variations in the NIR spectral features (concavity ratio criteria, CRC) vary with fluid temperature, lithofacies, and microtexture. Only high-temperature samples display high CRC values (CRC<span class="inline-formula"><sub>5200</sub><i>></i>0.85</span>), but low CRC values (CRC<span class="inline-formula"><sub>5200</sub></span> <span class="inline-formula"><i><</i></span> 0.75) are measured for any temperature. Hence, temperature is not the only parameter controlling spectral properties of opal. Several other parameters such as the hydrodynamic context, the microbial activity, silica micro-textures, and porosity may also affect silica precipitation, the incorporation and speciation of water in it, and thus its NIR signature. The observations suggest a limitation in the use of NIR spectral features for the interpretation of the geological context of fossil opal on Earth or Mars: only opal with high CRC values can be inferred as being formed by hydrothermal activity. Low CRC values can be attributed to either low-temperature hydrothermal activity (<span class="inline-formula"><i><</i></span> 50–60 <span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>C) or to continental weathering.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:56:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-462adc33e7b0479fa52e5ce21feb29b7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0935-1221 1617-4011 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:56:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | European Journal of Mineralogy |
| spelling | doaj.art-462adc33e7b0479fa52e5ce21feb29b72023-11-13T08:38:36ZengCopernicus PublicationsEuropean Journal of Mineralogy0935-12211617-40112023-11-013594996710.5194/ejm-35-949-2023Near-infrared signature of hydrothermal opal: a case study of Icelandic silica sintersM. Pineau0M. Pineau1B. Chauviré2B. Chauviré3B. Rondeau4Nantes Université, Université d'Angers, Le Mans Université, CNRS, UMR 6112, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences, 44000 Nantes, FranceLaboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR CNRS 7326, CNES, 13388 Marseille, FranceUniversité Grenoble-Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, ISTerre, 38000 Grenoble, FranceGeoGems, 44350 Guérande, FranceNantes Université, Université d'Angers, Le Mans Université, CNRS, UMR 6112, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences, 44000 Nantes, France<p>Silica minerals constitute a main target to assess the origin of life or the possibility of its emergence. On Earth, ancient hydrothermal silica deposits have preserved the oldest forms of life. Beyond Earth, such silica-rich hydrothermal systems have been observed on Mars by orbital near-infrared (NIR) remote sensing and in situ rover exploration. This work investigates the variations of texture and NIR properties of opal with temperature, within a single geological context of hot springs. Silica sinters have been sampled in Icelandic hot-spring fields, in the Reykholt region, and at the Hveravellir site, with water temperature ranging from 14 to 101 <span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>C. Variations in the NIR spectral features (concavity ratio criteria, CRC) vary with fluid temperature, lithofacies, and microtexture. Only high-temperature samples display high CRC values (CRC<span class="inline-formula"><sub>5200</sub><i>></i>0.85</span>), but low CRC values (CRC<span class="inline-formula"><sub>5200</sub></span> <span class="inline-formula"><i><</i></span> 0.75) are measured for any temperature. Hence, temperature is not the only parameter controlling spectral properties of opal. Several other parameters such as the hydrodynamic context, the microbial activity, silica micro-textures, and porosity may also affect silica precipitation, the incorporation and speciation of water in it, and thus its NIR signature. The observations suggest a limitation in the use of NIR spectral features for the interpretation of the geological context of fossil opal on Earth or Mars: only opal with high CRC values can be inferred as being formed by hydrothermal activity. Low CRC values can be attributed to either low-temperature hydrothermal activity (<span class="inline-formula"><i><</i></span> 50–60 <span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>C) or to continental weathering.</p>https://ejm.copernicus.org/articles/35/949/2023/ejm-35-949-2023.pdf |
| spellingShingle | M. Pineau M. Pineau B. Chauviré B. Chauviré B. Rondeau Near-infrared signature of hydrothermal opal: a case study of Icelandic silica sinters European Journal of Mineralogy |
| title | Near-infrared signature of hydrothermal opal: a case study of Icelandic silica sinters |
| title_full | Near-infrared signature of hydrothermal opal: a case study of Icelandic silica sinters |
| title_fullStr | Near-infrared signature of hydrothermal opal: a case study of Icelandic silica sinters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Near-infrared signature of hydrothermal opal: a case study of Icelandic silica sinters |
| title_short | Near-infrared signature of hydrothermal opal: a case study of Icelandic silica sinters |
| title_sort | near infrared signature of hydrothermal opal a case study of icelandic silica sinters |
| url | https://ejm.copernicus.org/articles/35/949/2023/ejm-35-949-2023.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mpineau nearinfraredsignatureofhydrothermalopalacasestudyoficelandicsilicasinters AT mpineau nearinfraredsignatureofhydrothermalopalacasestudyoficelandicsilicasinters AT bchauvire nearinfraredsignatureofhydrothermalopalacasestudyoficelandicsilicasinters AT bchauvire nearinfraredsignatureofhydrothermalopalacasestudyoficelandicsilicasinters AT brondeau nearinfraredsignatureofhydrothermalopalacasestudyoficelandicsilicasinters |