Resilience of Neural Cellularity to the Influence of Low Educational Level
Background: Education is believed to contribute positively to brain structure and function, as well as to cognitive reserve. One of the brain regions most impacted by education is the medial temporal lobe (MTL), a region that houses the hippocampus, which has an important role in learning processes...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Brain Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/13/1/104 |
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| author | Viviane A. Carvalho de Morais Ana V. de Oliveira-Pinto Arthur F. Mello Neto Jaqueline S. Freitas Magnólia M. da Silva Claudia Kimie Suemoto Renata P. Leite Lea T. Grinberg Wilson Jacob-Filho Carlos Pasqualucci Ricardo Nitrini Paulo Caramelli Roberto Lent |
| author_facet | Viviane A. Carvalho de Morais Ana V. de Oliveira-Pinto Arthur F. Mello Neto Jaqueline S. Freitas Magnólia M. da Silva Claudia Kimie Suemoto Renata P. Leite Lea T. Grinberg Wilson Jacob-Filho Carlos Pasqualucci Ricardo Nitrini Paulo Caramelli Roberto Lent |
| author_sort | Viviane A. Carvalho de Morais |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Education is believed to contribute positively to brain structure and function, as well as to cognitive reserve. One of the brain regions most impacted by education is the medial temporal lobe (MTL), a region that houses the hippocampus, which has an important role in learning processes and in consolidation of memories, and is also known to undergo neurogenesis in adulthood. We aimed to investigate the influence of education on the absolute cell numbers of the MTL (comprised by the hippocampal formation, amygdala, and parahippocampal gyrus) of men without cognitive impairment. Methods: The Isotropic Fractionator technique was used to allow the anisotropic brain tissue to be transformed into an isotropic suspension of nuclei, and therefore assess the absolute cell composition of the MTL. We dissected twenty-six brains from men aged 47 to 64 years, with either low or high education. Results: A significant difference between groups was observed in brain mass, but not in MTL mass. No significant difference was found between groups in the number of total cells, number of neurons, and number of non-neuronal cells. Regression analysis showed that the total number of cells, number of neurons, and number of non-neuronal cells in MTL were not affected by education. Conclusions: The results indicate a resilience of the absolute cellular composition of the MTL of typical men to low schooling, suggesting that the cellularity of brain regions is not affected by formal education. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:23:11Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:23:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-4642fec0dcac40dc8b98a4738bae25732023-11-30T21:27:42ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252023-01-0113110410.3390/brainsci13010104Resilience of Neural Cellularity to the Influence of Low Educational LevelViviane A. Carvalho de Morais0Ana V. de Oliveira-Pinto1Arthur F. Mello Neto2Jaqueline S. Freitas3Magnólia M. da Silva4Claudia Kimie Suemoto5Renata P. Leite6Lea T. Grinberg7Wilson Jacob-Filho8Carlos Pasqualucci9Ricardo Nitrini10Paulo Caramelli11Roberto Lent12Neuroplasticity Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, BrazilNeuroplasticity Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, BrazilNeuroplasticity Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, BrazilNeuroplasticity Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, BrazilBiobank for Aging Studies, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, BrazilBiobank for Aging Studies, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, BrazilBiobank for Aging Studies, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, BrazilMemory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USABiobank for Aging Studies, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, BrazilBiobank for Aging Studies, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, BrazilBiobank for Aging Studies, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, BrazilBehavioral and Cognitive Neurology Research Group, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, BrazilNeuroplasticity Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, BrazilBackground: Education is believed to contribute positively to brain structure and function, as well as to cognitive reserve. One of the brain regions most impacted by education is the medial temporal lobe (MTL), a region that houses the hippocampus, which has an important role in learning processes and in consolidation of memories, and is also known to undergo neurogenesis in adulthood. We aimed to investigate the influence of education on the absolute cell numbers of the MTL (comprised by the hippocampal formation, amygdala, and parahippocampal gyrus) of men without cognitive impairment. Methods: The Isotropic Fractionator technique was used to allow the anisotropic brain tissue to be transformed into an isotropic suspension of nuclei, and therefore assess the absolute cell composition of the MTL. We dissected twenty-six brains from men aged 47 to 64 years, with either low or high education. Results: A significant difference between groups was observed in brain mass, but not in MTL mass. No significant difference was found between groups in the number of total cells, number of neurons, and number of non-neuronal cells. Regression analysis showed that the total number of cells, number of neurons, and number of non-neuronal cells in MTL were not affected by education. Conclusions: The results indicate a resilience of the absolute cellular composition of the MTL of typical men to low schooling, suggesting that the cellularity of brain regions is not affected by formal education.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/13/1/104literacymedial temporal lobecellularityisotropic fractionator |
| spellingShingle | Viviane A. Carvalho de Morais Ana V. de Oliveira-Pinto Arthur F. Mello Neto Jaqueline S. Freitas Magnólia M. da Silva Claudia Kimie Suemoto Renata P. Leite Lea T. Grinberg Wilson Jacob-Filho Carlos Pasqualucci Ricardo Nitrini Paulo Caramelli Roberto Lent Resilience of Neural Cellularity to the Influence of Low Educational Level Brain Sciences literacy medial temporal lobe cellularity isotropic fractionator |
| title | Resilience of Neural Cellularity to the Influence of Low Educational Level |
| title_full | Resilience of Neural Cellularity to the Influence of Low Educational Level |
| title_fullStr | Resilience of Neural Cellularity to the Influence of Low Educational Level |
| title_full_unstemmed | Resilience of Neural Cellularity to the Influence of Low Educational Level |
| title_short | Resilience of Neural Cellularity to the Influence of Low Educational Level |
| title_sort | resilience of neural cellularity to the influence of low educational level |
| topic | literacy medial temporal lobe cellularity isotropic fractionator |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/13/1/104 |
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