Efficacy, Safety, and Challenges of CAR T-Cells in the Treatment of Solid Tumors
Immunotherapy has been the fifth pillar of cancer treatment in the past decade. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a newly designed adoptive immunotherapy that is able to target and further eliminate cancer cells by engaging with MHC-independent tumor-antigens. CAR T-cell therapy has...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/23/5983 |
| _version_ | 1797463476133691392 |
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| author | Qiuqiang Chen Lingeng Lu Wenxue Ma |
| author_facet | Qiuqiang Chen Lingeng Lu Wenxue Ma |
| author_sort | Qiuqiang Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Immunotherapy has been the fifth pillar of cancer treatment in the past decade. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a newly designed adoptive immunotherapy that is able to target and further eliminate cancer cells by engaging with MHC-independent tumor-antigens. CAR T-cell therapy has exhibited conspicuous clinical efficacy in hematological malignancies, but more than half of patients will relapse. Of note, the efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy has been even more disappointing in solid tumors. These challenges mainly include (1) the failures of CAR T-cells to treat highly heterogeneous solid tumors due to the difficulty in identifying unique tumor antigen targets, (2) the expression of target antigens in non-cancer cells, (3) the inability of CAR T-cells to effectively infiltrate solid tumors, (4) the short lifespan and lack of persistence of CAR T-cells, and (5) cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity. In combination with these characteristics, the ideal CAR T-cell therapy for solid tumors should maintain adequate T-cell response over a long term while sparing healthy tissues. This article reviewed the status, clinical application, efficacy, safety, and challenges of CAR T-cell therapies, as well as the latest progress of CAR T-cell therapies for solid tumors. In addition, the potential strategies to improve the efficacy of CAR T-cells and prevent side effects in solid tumors were also explored. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:51:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-464e12eaa68745b4953f680781dcaadd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:51:15Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-464e12eaa68745b4953f680781dcaadd2023-11-24T10:41:53ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942022-12-011423598310.3390/cancers14235983Efficacy, Safety, and Challenges of CAR T-Cells in the Treatment of Solid TumorsQiuqiang Chen0Lingeng Lu1Wenxue Ma2Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou University School of Medicine, Huzhou 313000, ChinaDepartment of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USASanford Stem Cell Clinical Center, Moores Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USAImmunotherapy has been the fifth pillar of cancer treatment in the past decade. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a newly designed adoptive immunotherapy that is able to target and further eliminate cancer cells by engaging with MHC-independent tumor-antigens. CAR T-cell therapy has exhibited conspicuous clinical efficacy in hematological malignancies, but more than half of patients will relapse. Of note, the efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy has been even more disappointing in solid tumors. These challenges mainly include (1) the failures of CAR T-cells to treat highly heterogeneous solid tumors due to the difficulty in identifying unique tumor antigen targets, (2) the expression of target antigens in non-cancer cells, (3) the inability of CAR T-cells to effectively infiltrate solid tumors, (4) the short lifespan and lack of persistence of CAR T-cells, and (5) cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity. In combination with these characteristics, the ideal CAR T-cell therapy for solid tumors should maintain adequate T-cell response over a long term while sparing healthy tissues. This article reviewed the status, clinical application, efficacy, safety, and challenges of CAR T-cell therapies, as well as the latest progress of CAR T-cell therapies for solid tumors. In addition, the potential strategies to improve the efficacy of CAR T-cells and prevent side effects in solid tumors were also explored.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/23/5983CAR (chimeric antigen receptor)antigenheterogeneityefficacysafetyT cell exhaustion |
| spellingShingle | Qiuqiang Chen Lingeng Lu Wenxue Ma Efficacy, Safety, and Challenges of CAR T-Cells in the Treatment of Solid Tumors Cancers CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) antigen heterogeneity efficacy safety T cell exhaustion |
| title | Efficacy, Safety, and Challenges of CAR T-Cells in the Treatment of Solid Tumors |
| title_full | Efficacy, Safety, and Challenges of CAR T-Cells in the Treatment of Solid Tumors |
| title_fullStr | Efficacy, Safety, and Challenges of CAR T-Cells in the Treatment of Solid Tumors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficacy, Safety, and Challenges of CAR T-Cells in the Treatment of Solid Tumors |
| title_short | Efficacy, Safety, and Challenges of CAR T-Cells in the Treatment of Solid Tumors |
| title_sort | efficacy safety and challenges of car t cells in the treatment of solid tumors |
| topic | CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) antigen heterogeneity efficacy safety T cell exhaustion |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/23/5983 |
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