Protein-Balanced Dietary Habits Benefit Cognitive Function in Japanese Older Adults
Since daily dietary habits can affect cognitive function, dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay diet have been proposed as interventions to slow cognitive decline. However, because dietary habits vary widely among different food cultures, it is nece...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/3/770 |
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| author | Keisuke Sakurai Erika Okada Saya Anzai Risako Tamura Izumi Shiraishi Noriko Inamura Satoru Kobayashi Mikako Sato Takashi Matsumoto Kazuyuki Kudo Yukihiro Sugawara Tatsuhiro Hisatsune |
| author_facet | Keisuke Sakurai Erika Okada Saya Anzai Risako Tamura Izumi Shiraishi Noriko Inamura Satoru Kobayashi Mikako Sato Takashi Matsumoto Kazuyuki Kudo Yukihiro Sugawara Tatsuhiro Hisatsune |
| author_sort | Keisuke Sakurai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Since daily dietary habits can affect cognitive function, dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay diet have been proposed as interventions to slow cognitive decline. However, because dietary habits vary widely among different food cultures, it is necessary to establish dietary pattern intervention methods that are appropriate for each population. Therefore, in this study, the dietary patterns of elderly Japanese individuals were classified using cluster analysis, and their relationship with cognitive function was investigated. We then modeled the dietary patterns and applied them to another cohort of elderly Japanese individuals to determine whether differences in dietary patterns could predict cognitive decline. One hundred and fifty older adults ≥ 65 years of age in the community were recruited. Their daily food intake and cognitive function were measured using the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire and Montreal Cognitive Assessment, respectively. K-means cluster analysis identified a high-carbohydrate (HC) dietary pattern with high cereal intake and a protein-balanced (PB) dietary pattern with high intake of legumes, vegetables, seafood, meat, and eggs. Cognitive function was significantly higher in the PB group than in the HC group. Furthermore, to classify the new data into HC and PB patterns, a classification model was created by discriminant analysis using food groups with significantly different intakes among dietary patterns. Next, we recruited 267 new older adults ≥ 65 years of age and measured food intake and cognitive function assessed using the memory performance index score. Individuals with cognitive decline were identified and their detailed cognitive functions were assessed using the neurocognitive index score. Cognitive function was significantly impaired in the HC pattern in both the general elderly and cognitively impaired cohorts. These findings suggest that a dietary pattern of low carbohydrate and high protein intake is associated with good cognitive function in elderly Japanese individuals. Classification by these dietary patterns can predict cognitive reservation in community-dwelling older adults. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:30:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-464f8ce8b92142238f178ccfa56ec381 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:30:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-464f8ce8b92142238f178ccfa56ec3812023-11-16T17:41:40ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432023-02-0115377010.3390/nu15030770Protein-Balanced Dietary Habits Benefit Cognitive Function in Japanese Older AdultsKeisuke Sakurai0Erika Okada1Saya Anzai2Risako Tamura3Izumi Shiraishi4Noriko Inamura5Satoru Kobayashi6Mikako Sato7Takashi Matsumoto8Kazuyuki Kudo9Yukihiro Sugawara10Tatsuhiro Hisatsune11Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, JapanDepartment of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, JapanDepartment of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, JapanDepartment of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, JapanDepartment of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, JapanUrban Design Center Kashiwanoha (UDCK), Kashiwa 277-0871, JapanCommunity Health Promotion Laboratory, Mitsui Fudosan, Co., Ltd., Kashiwa 277-8519, JapanResearch & Development Center, NH Foods Ltd., Tsukuba 300-2646, JapanResearch & Development Center, NH Foods Ltd., Tsukuba 300-2646, JapanLifestyle Research Office, NH Foods Ltd., Shinagawa, Tokyo 141-6014, JapanResearch & Development Center, NH Foods Ltd., Tsukuba 300-2646, JapanDepartment of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, JapanSince daily dietary habits can affect cognitive function, dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay diet have been proposed as interventions to slow cognitive decline. However, because dietary habits vary widely among different food cultures, it is necessary to establish dietary pattern intervention methods that are appropriate for each population. Therefore, in this study, the dietary patterns of elderly Japanese individuals were classified using cluster analysis, and their relationship with cognitive function was investigated. We then modeled the dietary patterns and applied them to another cohort of elderly Japanese individuals to determine whether differences in dietary patterns could predict cognitive decline. One hundred and fifty older adults ≥ 65 years of age in the community were recruited. Their daily food intake and cognitive function were measured using the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire and Montreal Cognitive Assessment, respectively. K-means cluster analysis identified a high-carbohydrate (HC) dietary pattern with high cereal intake and a protein-balanced (PB) dietary pattern with high intake of legumes, vegetables, seafood, meat, and eggs. Cognitive function was significantly higher in the PB group than in the HC group. Furthermore, to classify the new data into HC and PB patterns, a classification model was created by discriminant analysis using food groups with significantly different intakes among dietary patterns. Next, we recruited 267 new older adults ≥ 65 years of age and measured food intake and cognitive function assessed using the memory performance index score. Individuals with cognitive decline were identified and their detailed cognitive functions were assessed using the neurocognitive index score. Cognitive function was significantly impaired in the HC pattern in both the general elderly and cognitively impaired cohorts. These findings suggest that a dietary pattern of low carbohydrate and high protein intake is associated with good cognitive function in elderly Japanese individuals. Classification by these dietary patterns can predict cognitive reservation in community-dwelling older adults.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/3/770dietary patterndaily dietary habitscluster analysisdiscriminant analysismodelingmild cognitive impairment |
| spellingShingle | Keisuke Sakurai Erika Okada Saya Anzai Risako Tamura Izumi Shiraishi Noriko Inamura Satoru Kobayashi Mikako Sato Takashi Matsumoto Kazuyuki Kudo Yukihiro Sugawara Tatsuhiro Hisatsune Protein-Balanced Dietary Habits Benefit Cognitive Function in Japanese Older Adults Nutrients dietary pattern daily dietary habits cluster analysis discriminant analysis modeling mild cognitive impairment |
| title | Protein-Balanced Dietary Habits Benefit Cognitive Function in Japanese Older Adults |
| title_full | Protein-Balanced Dietary Habits Benefit Cognitive Function in Japanese Older Adults |
| title_fullStr | Protein-Balanced Dietary Habits Benefit Cognitive Function in Japanese Older Adults |
| title_full_unstemmed | Protein-Balanced Dietary Habits Benefit Cognitive Function in Japanese Older Adults |
| title_short | Protein-Balanced Dietary Habits Benefit Cognitive Function in Japanese Older Adults |
| title_sort | protein balanced dietary habits benefit cognitive function in japanese older adults |
| topic | dietary pattern daily dietary habits cluster analysis discriminant analysis modeling mild cognitive impairment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/3/770 |
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