The Antifungal Activity of Ag/CHI NPs against <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> Linked with Tomato Plant Health
Pathogenic infestations are significant threats to vegetable yield, and have become an urgent problem to be solved. <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> is one of the worst fungi affecting tomato crops, reducing yield in some regions. It is a known fact that plants have their own defense against su...
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| author | Ameena A. Al-Surhanee Muhammad Afzal Nahla Alsayed Bouqellah Salama A. Ouf Sajid Muhammad Mehmood Jan Sidra Kaleem Mohamed Hashem Saad Alamri Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef Omar M. Ali Mona H. Soliman |
| author_facet | Ameena A. Al-Surhanee Muhammad Afzal Nahla Alsayed Bouqellah Salama A. Ouf Sajid Muhammad Mehmood Jan Sidra Kaleem Mohamed Hashem Saad Alamri Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef Omar M. Ali Mona H. Soliman |
| author_sort | Ameena A. Al-Surhanee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pathogenic infestations are significant threats to vegetable yield, and have become an urgent problem to be solved. <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> is one of the worst fungi affecting tomato crops, reducing yield in some regions. It is a known fact that plants have their own defense against such infestations; however, it is unclear whether any exogenous material can help plants against infestation. Therefore, we performed greenhouse experiments to evaluate the impacts of <i>R. solani</i> on 15- and 30-day old tomato plants after fungal infestation, and estimated the antifungal activity of nanoparticles (NPs) against the pathogen. We observed severe pathogenic impacts on the above-ground tissues of tomato plants which would affect plant physiology and crop production. Pathogenic infection reduced total chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents, which subsequently disturbed plant physiology. Further, total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were significantly increased in pathogen treatments. Constitutively, enhanced activities were estimated for catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS)in pathogen-treated plants. Moreover, pathogenesis-related genes, namely, chitinase, plant glutathione S-transferase (<i>GST</i>), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (<i>PAL1</i>), <i>pathogenesis-related protein</i> (<i>PR12</i>), and <i>pathogenesis-related protein</i> (<i>PR1</i>) were evaluated, with significant differences between treated and control plants. In vitro and greenhouse antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), chitosan nanoparticles, and Ag NPs/CHI NPs composites and plant health was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry. We found astonishing results, namely, that Ag and CHI have antifungal activities against <i>R. solani</i>. Overall, plant health was much improved following treatment with Ag NPs/CHI NPs composites. In order to manage <i>R. solani</i> pathogenicity and improve tomato health, Ag/CHI NPs composites could be used infield as well as on commercial levels based on recommendations. However, there is an urgent need to first evaluate whether these NP composites have any secondary impacts on human health or the environment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:08:14Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:08:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-46577704db424852a54a7559010031f52023-11-23T01:02:58ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-10-011011228310.3390/plants10112283The Antifungal Activity of Ag/CHI NPs against <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> Linked with Tomato Plant HealthAmeena A. Al-Surhanee0Muhammad Afzal1Nahla Alsayed Bouqellah2Salama A. Ouf3Sajid Muhammad4Mehmood Jan5Sidra Kaleem6Mohamed Hashem7Saad Alamri8Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef9Omar M. Ali10Mona H. Soliman11Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 2014, Saudi ArabiaInstitute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environment and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaBiology Department, Science College, Taibah University, Medina 42317-8599, Saudi ArabiaBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, EgyptInstitute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaInstitute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaOcean College of Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, ChinaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi ArabiaBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, EgyptDepartment of Chemistry, Turabah University College, Turabah Branch, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, EgyptPathogenic infestations are significant threats to vegetable yield, and have become an urgent problem to be solved. <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> is one of the worst fungi affecting tomato crops, reducing yield in some regions. It is a known fact that plants have their own defense against such infestations; however, it is unclear whether any exogenous material can help plants against infestation. Therefore, we performed greenhouse experiments to evaluate the impacts of <i>R. solani</i> on 15- and 30-day old tomato plants after fungal infestation, and estimated the antifungal activity of nanoparticles (NPs) against the pathogen. We observed severe pathogenic impacts on the above-ground tissues of tomato plants which would affect plant physiology and crop production. Pathogenic infection reduced total chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents, which subsequently disturbed plant physiology. Further, total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were significantly increased in pathogen treatments. Constitutively, enhanced activities were estimated for catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS)in pathogen-treated plants. Moreover, pathogenesis-related genes, namely, chitinase, plant glutathione S-transferase (<i>GST</i>), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (<i>PAL1</i>), <i>pathogenesis-related protein</i> (<i>PR12</i>), and <i>pathogenesis-related protein</i> (<i>PR1</i>) were evaluated, with significant differences between treated and control plants. In vitro and greenhouse antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), chitosan nanoparticles, and Ag NPs/CHI NPs composites and plant health was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry. We found astonishing results, namely, that Ag and CHI have antifungal activities against <i>R. solani</i>. Overall, plant health was much improved following treatment with Ag NPs/CHI NPs composites. In order to manage <i>R. solani</i> pathogenicity and improve tomato health, Ag/CHI NPs composites could be used infield as well as on commercial levels based on recommendations. However, there is an urgent need to first evaluate whether these NP composites have any secondary impacts on human health or the environment.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2283<i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>nanoparticlesplant defensechitosanantioxidants |
| spellingShingle | Ameena A. Al-Surhanee Muhammad Afzal Nahla Alsayed Bouqellah Salama A. Ouf Sajid Muhammad Mehmood Jan Sidra Kaleem Mohamed Hashem Saad Alamri Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef Omar M. Ali Mona H. Soliman The Antifungal Activity of Ag/CHI NPs against <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> Linked with Tomato Plant Health Plants <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> nanoparticles plant defense chitosan antioxidants |
| title | The Antifungal Activity of Ag/CHI NPs against <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> Linked with Tomato Plant Health |
| title_full | The Antifungal Activity of Ag/CHI NPs against <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> Linked with Tomato Plant Health |
| title_fullStr | The Antifungal Activity of Ag/CHI NPs against <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> Linked with Tomato Plant Health |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Antifungal Activity of Ag/CHI NPs against <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> Linked with Tomato Plant Health |
| title_short | The Antifungal Activity of Ag/CHI NPs against <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> Linked with Tomato Plant Health |
| title_sort | antifungal activity of ag chi nps against i rhizoctonia solani i linked with tomato plant health |
| topic | <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> nanoparticles plant defense chitosan antioxidants |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2283 |
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