Observable gravitational waves from hyperkination in Palatini gravity and beyond
Abstract We consider cosmology with an inflaton scalar field with an additional quartic kinetic term. Such a theory can be motivated by Palatini $$R+R^2$$ R + R 2 modified gravity. Assuming a runaway inflaton potential, we take the Universe to become dominated by the kinetic energy density of the sc...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2023-12-01
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| Series: | European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12332-x |
| _version_ | 1797233316216176640 |
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| author | Samuel Sánchez López Konstantinos Dimopoulos Alexandros Karam Eemeli Tomberg |
| author_facet | Samuel Sánchez López Konstantinos Dimopoulos Alexandros Karam Eemeli Tomberg |
| author_sort | Samuel Sánchez López |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract We consider cosmology with an inflaton scalar field with an additional quartic kinetic term. Such a theory can be motivated by Palatini $$R+R^2$$ R + R 2 modified gravity. Assuming a runaway inflaton potential, we take the Universe to become dominated by the kinetic energy density of the scalar field after inflation. Initially, the leading kinetic term is quartic and we call the corresponding period hyperkination. Subsequently, the usual quadratic kinetic term takes over and we have regular kination, until reheating. We study, both analytically and numerically, the spectrum of primordial gravitational waves generated during inflation and re-entering the horizon during the subsequent eras. We demonstrate that the spectrum is flat for modes re-entering during radiation domination and hyperkination and linear in frequency for modes re-entering during kination: kinetic domination boosts the spectrum, but hyperkination truncates its peak. As a result, the effects of the kinetic period can be extended to observable frequencies without generating excessive gravitational waves, which could otherwise destabilise the process of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. We show that there is ample parameter space for the primordial gravitational waves to be observable in the near future. If observed, the amplitude and ‘knee’ of the spectrum will provide valuable insights into the background theory. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T19:44:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-46597a6121594f329d107c97f099a505 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1434-6052 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T16:14:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields |
| spelling | doaj.art-46597a6121594f329d107c97f099a5052024-03-31T11:31:17ZengSpringerOpenEuropean Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields1434-60522023-12-01831212310.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12332-xObservable gravitational waves from hyperkination in Palatini gravity and beyondSamuel Sánchez López0Konstantinos Dimopoulos1Alexandros Karam2Eemeli Tomberg3Consortium for Fundamental Physics, Physics Department, Lancaster UniversityConsortium for Fundamental Physics, Physics Department, Lancaster UniversityLaboratory of High Energy and Computational Physics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and BiophysicsConsortium for Fundamental Physics, Physics Department, Lancaster UniversityAbstract We consider cosmology with an inflaton scalar field with an additional quartic kinetic term. Such a theory can be motivated by Palatini $$R+R^2$$ R + R 2 modified gravity. Assuming a runaway inflaton potential, we take the Universe to become dominated by the kinetic energy density of the scalar field after inflation. Initially, the leading kinetic term is quartic and we call the corresponding period hyperkination. Subsequently, the usual quadratic kinetic term takes over and we have regular kination, until reheating. We study, both analytically and numerically, the spectrum of primordial gravitational waves generated during inflation and re-entering the horizon during the subsequent eras. We demonstrate that the spectrum is flat for modes re-entering during radiation domination and hyperkination and linear in frequency for modes re-entering during kination: kinetic domination boosts the spectrum, but hyperkination truncates its peak. As a result, the effects of the kinetic period can be extended to observable frequencies without generating excessive gravitational waves, which could otherwise destabilise the process of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. We show that there is ample parameter space for the primordial gravitational waves to be observable in the near future. If observed, the amplitude and ‘knee’ of the spectrum will provide valuable insights into the background theory.https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12332-x |
| spellingShingle | Samuel Sánchez López Konstantinos Dimopoulos Alexandros Karam Eemeli Tomberg Observable gravitational waves from hyperkination in Palatini gravity and beyond European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields |
| title | Observable gravitational waves from hyperkination in Palatini gravity and beyond |
| title_full | Observable gravitational waves from hyperkination in Palatini gravity and beyond |
| title_fullStr | Observable gravitational waves from hyperkination in Palatini gravity and beyond |
| title_full_unstemmed | Observable gravitational waves from hyperkination in Palatini gravity and beyond |
| title_short | Observable gravitational waves from hyperkination in Palatini gravity and beyond |
| title_sort | observable gravitational waves from hyperkination in palatini gravity and beyond |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12332-x |
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