Soil Moisture Retrieval Using SMAP L-Band Radiometer and RISAT-1 C-Band SAR Data in the Paddy Dominated Tropical Region of India
National Aeronautics and Space Administration's soil moisture active–passive (SMAP) mission potential to produce high-resolution soil moisture suffered adversely due to its L-band synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) failure. Other satellite-based L-/C-band SAR observation...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IEEE
2021-01-01
|
| Series: | IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9565363/ |
| _version_ | 1819006253926449152 |
|---|---|
| author | Gurjeet Singh Narendra Das Rabindra Panda Binayak Mohanty Dara Entekhabi Bimal Bhattacharya |
| author_facet | Gurjeet Singh Narendra Das Rabindra Panda Binayak Mohanty Dara Entekhabi Bimal Bhattacharya |
| author_sort | Gurjeet Singh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | National Aeronautics and Space Administration's soil moisture active–passive (SMAP) mission potential to produce high-resolution soil moisture suffered adversely due to its L-band synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) failure. Other satellite-based L-/C-band SAR observations can be used within the SMAP active–passive algorithm. In this article, we evaluated the capability of ingesting ISRO's Radar Imaging Satellite-1 (RISAT-1) C-band SAR observations in the SMAP active–passive algorithm to obtain soil moisture at 1, 3, and 9 km over the agricultural region dominant by paddy that experiences seasonal flooding. We also improved the SMAP mission active–passive algorithm with a dynamic surface water bodies (ponding conditions) masking approach using the native RISAT-1 observations. The article shows that the use of surface water masks helps in mitigating the negative impact of surface water bodies in the active–passive disaggregation process. The SMAP–RISAT soil moisture retrievals at 1 and 3 km resolutions are found to have high unbiased root-mean-square error (ubRMSE) greater than 0.06 m<sup>3</sup>/m<sup>3</sup> during very wet and high vegetative conditions. However, at low and moderate soil moisture states, the ubRMSE is below 0.06 m<sup>3</sup>/m<sup>3</sup>. Comparison of soil moisture retrievals at 9 km resolution with upscaled ground-based soil moisture measurements shows ubRMSE less than 0.04 m<sup>3</sup>/m<sup>3</sup>. This article is a precursor for estimating soil moisture for the upcoming RISAT-1A dataset over India. The findings will further help in the implementation of a microwave active–passive algorithm to retrieve soil moisture for future satellite missions involving radiometer-SAR instruments, and challenging geophysical conditions (i.e., dynamic surface water bodies). |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T00:05:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-465a46df6d3346239520afc4b5c0dd35 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2151-1535 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T00:05:45Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-465a46df6d3346239520afc4b5c0dd352022-12-21T19:22:29ZengIEEEIEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing2151-15352021-01-0114106441066410.1109/JSTARS.2021.31172739565363Soil Moisture Retrieval Using SMAP L-Band Radiometer and RISAT-1 C-Band SAR Data in the Paddy Dominated Tropical Region of IndiaGurjeet Singh0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8340-2632Narendra Das1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1634-3879Rabindra Panda2Binayak Mohanty3Dara Entekhabi4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8362-4761Bimal Bhattacharya5NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USAMichigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USASchool of Infrastructure, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, IndiaDepartment of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USADepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USASpace Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organization, Ahmedabad, IndiaNational Aeronautics and Space Administration's soil moisture active–passive (SMAP) mission potential to produce high-resolution soil moisture suffered adversely due to its L-band synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) failure. Other satellite-based L-/C-band SAR observations can be used within the SMAP active–passive algorithm. In this article, we evaluated the capability of ingesting ISRO's Radar Imaging Satellite-1 (RISAT-1) C-band SAR observations in the SMAP active–passive algorithm to obtain soil moisture at 1, 3, and 9 km over the agricultural region dominant by paddy that experiences seasonal flooding. We also improved the SMAP mission active–passive algorithm with a dynamic surface water bodies (ponding conditions) masking approach using the native RISAT-1 observations. The article shows that the use of surface water masks helps in mitigating the negative impact of surface water bodies in the active–passive disaggregation process. The SMAP–RISAT soil moisture retrievals at 1 and 3 km resolutions are found to have high unbiased root-mean-square error (ubRMSE) greater than 0.06 m<sup>3</sup>/m<sup>3</sup> during very wet and high vegetative conditions. However, at low and moderate soil moisture states, the ubRMSE is below 0.06 m<sup>3</sup>/m<sup>3</sup>. Comparison of soil moisture retrievals at 9 km resolution with upscaled ground-based soil moisture measurements shows ubRMSE less than 0.04 m<sup>3</sup>/m<sup>3</sup>. This article is a precursor for estimating soil moisture for the upcoming RISAT-1A dataset over India. The findings will further help in the implementation of a microwave active–passive algorithm to retrieve soil moisture for future satellite missions involving radiometer-SAR instruments, and challenging geophysical conditions (i.e., dynamic surface water bodies).https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9565363/Active–passiveradiometerRISAT-1synthetic-aperture radar (SAR)soil moisture active–passive (SMAP)soil moisture |
| spellingShingle | Gurjeet Singh Narendra Das Rabindra Panda Binayak Mohanty Dara Entekhabi Bimal Bhattacharya Soil Moisture Retrieval Using SMAP L-Band Radiometer and RISAT-1 C-Band SAR Data in the Paddy Dominated Tropical Region of India IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing Active–passive radiometer RISAT-1 synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) soil moisture active–passive (SMAP) soil moisture |
| title | Soil Moisture Retrieval Using SMAP L-Band Radiometer and RISAT-1 C-Band SAR Data in the Paddy Dominated Tropical Region of India |
| title_full | Soil Moisture Retrieval Using SMAP L-Band Radiometer and RISAT-1 C-Band SAR Data in the Paddy Dominated Tropical Region of India |
| title_fullStr | Soil Moisture Retrieval Using SMAP L-Band Radiometer and RISAT-1 C-Band SAR Data in the Paddy Dominated Tropical Region of India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Soil Moisture Retrieval Using SMAP L-Band Radiometer and RISAT-1 C-Band SAR Data in the Paddy Dominated Tropical Region of India |
| title_short | Soil Moisture Retrieval Using SMAP L-Band Radiometer and RISAT-1 C-Band SAR Data in the Paddy Dominated Tropical Region of India |
| title_sort | soil moisture retrieval using smap l band radiometer and risat 1 c band sar data in the paddy dominated tropical region of india |
| topic | Active–passive radiometer RISAT-1 synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) soil moisture active–passive (SMAP) soil moisture |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9565363/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gurjeetsingh soilmoistureretrievalusingsmaplbandradiometerandrisat1cbandsardatainthepaddydominatedtropicalregionofindia AT narendradas soilmoistureretrievalusingsmaplbandradiometerandrisat1cbandsardatainthepaddydominatedtropicalregionofindia AT rabindrapanda soilmoistureretrievalusingsmaplbandradiometerandrisat1cbandsardatainthepaddydominatedtropicalregionofindia AT binayakmohanty soilmoistureretrievalusingsmaplbandradiometerandrisat1cbandsardatainthepaddydominatedtropicalregionofindia AT daraentekhabi soilmoistureretrievalusingsmaplbandradiometerandrisat1cbandsardatainthepaddydominatedtropicalregionofindia AT bimalbhattacharya soilmoistureretrievalusingsmaplbandradiometerandrisat1cbandsardatainthepaddydominatedtropicalregionofindia |