Ethnic differences in adverse iron status in early pregnancy: a cross-sectional population-based study
We studied ethnic differences in terms of iron status during pregnancy between Dutch women and other ethnicities and explore to what extent these differences can be explained by environmental factors. This cross-sectional population-based study (2002–2006) was embedded in the Generation R study and...
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| Format: | Article |
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Cambridge University Press
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Nutritional Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2048679022000350/type/journal_article |
| _version_ | 1827994628924637184 |
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| author | Hugo G. Quezada-Pinedo Florian Cassel Martina U. Muckenthaler Max Gassmann Luis Huicho Irwin K. Reiss Liesbeth Duijts Romy Gaillard Marijn J. Vermeulen |
| author_facet | Hugo G. Quezada-Pinedo Florian Cassel Martina U. Muckenthaler Max Gassmann Luis Huicho Irwin K. Reiss Liesbeth Duijts Romy Gaillard Marijn J. Vermeulen |
| author_sort | Hugo G. Quezada-Pinedo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We studied ethnic differences in terms of iron status during pregnancy between Dutch women and other ethnicities and explore to what extent these differences can be explained by environmental factors. This cross-sectional population-based study (2002–2006) was embedded in the Generation R study and included a total of 4737 pregnant women from seven ethnic groups (Dutch, Turkish, Moroccan, Cape Verdean, Surinamese-Hindustani, Surinamese-Creole and Antillean). Ethnicity was defined according to the Dutch classification of ethnic background. Ferritin, iron and transferrin were measured in early pregnancy. The overall prevalence of iron deficiency was 7 %, ranging from 4 % in both Dutch and Surinamese-Creoles, to 18 % in Turkish, Moroccan and Surinamese-Hindustani women. Iron overload was most prevalent in Surinamese-Creole (11 %) and Dutch (9 %) women. Socioeconomic factors accounted for 5–36 % of the differences. Income was the strongest socioeconomic factor in the Cape Verdean and Surinamese-Hindustani groups and parity for the Turkish and Moroccan groups. Lifestyle determinants accounted for 8–14 % of the differences. In all groups, the strongest lifestyle factor was folic acid use, being associated with higher iron status. In conclusion, in our population, both iron deficiency and iron overload were common in early pregnancy. Our data suggest that ethnic differences in terms of socioeconomic and lifestyle factors only partly drive the large ethnic differences in iron status. Our data support the development of more specific prevention programmes based on further exploration of socioeconomic inequities, modifiable risk and genetic factors in specific ethnic subgroups, as well as the need for individual screening of iron status before supplementation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T04:42:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-466fd07fc85a4d18891f076ac8e25e21 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2048-6790 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T04:42:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Nutritional Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-466fd07fc85a4d18891f076ac8e25e212023-03-09T12:38:45ZengCambridge University PressJournal of Nutritional Science2048-67902022-01-011110.1017/jns.2022.35Ethnic differences in adverse iron status in early pregnancy: a cross-sectional population-based studyHugo G. Quezada-Pinedo0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0641-7718Florian Cassel1Martina U. Muckenthaler2Max Gassmann3Luis Huicho4Irwin K. Reiss5Liesbeth Duijts6Romy Gaillard7Marijn J. Vermeulen8The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, GermanyInstitute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, PeruSchool of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru Centro de Investigación en Salud Materna e Infantil, Centro de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral y Sostenible, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, PeruThe Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsThe Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsThe Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsWe studied ethnic differences in terms of iron status during pregnancy between Dutch women and other ethnicities and explore to what extent these differences can be explained by environmental factors. This cross-sectional population-based study (2002–2006) was embedded in the Generation R study and included a total of 4737 pregnant women from seven ethnic groups (Dutch, Turkish, Moroccan, Cape Verdean, Surinamese-Hindustani, Surinamese-Creole and Antillean). Ethnicity was defined according to the Dutch classification of ethnic background. Ferritin, iron and transferrin were measured in early pregnancy. The overall prevalence of iron deficiency was 7 %, ranging from 4 % in both Dutch and Surinamese-Creoles, to 18 % in Turkish, Moroccan and Surinamese-Hindustani women. Iron overload was most prevalent in Surinamese-Creole (11 %) and Dutch (9 %) women. Socioeconomic factors accounted for 5–36 % of the differences. Income was the strongest socioeconomic factor in the Cape Verdean and Surinamese-Hindustani groups and parity for the Turkish and Moroccan groups. Lifestyle determinants accounted for 8–14 % of the differences. In all groups, the strongest lifestyle factor was folic acid use, being associated with higher iron status. In conclusion, in our population, both iron deficiency and iron overload were common in early pregnancy. Our data suggest that ethnic differences in terms of socioeconomic and lifestyle factors only partly drive the large ethnic differences in iron status. Our data support the development of more specific prevention programmes based on further exploration of socioeconomic inequities, modifiable risk and genetic factors in specific ethnic subgroups, as well as the need for individual screening of iron status before supplementation.https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2048679022000350/type/journal_articleFerritinHaemoglobinIron-deficiency anaemiaIron overload |
| spellingShingle | Hugo G. Quezada-Pinedo Florian Cassel Martina U. Muckenthaler Max Gassmann Luis Huicho Irwin K. Reiss Liesbeth Duijts Romy Gaillard Marijn J. Vermeulen Ethnic differences in adverse iron status in early pregnancy: a cross-sectional population-based study Journal of Nutritional Science Ferritin Haemoglobin Iron-deficiency anaemia Iron overload |
| title | Ethnic differences in adverse iron status in early pregnancy: a cross-sectional population-based study |
| title_full | Ethnic differences in adverse iron status in early pregnancy: a cross-sectional population-based study |
| title_fullStr | Ethnic differences in adverse iron status in early pregnancy: a cross-sectional population-based study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ethnic differences in adverse iron status in early pregnancy: a cross-sectional population-based study |
| title_short | Ethnic differences in adverse iron status in early pregnancy: a cross-sectional population-based study |
| title_sort | ethnic differences in adverse iron status in early pregnancy a cross sectional population based study |
| topic | Ferritin Haemoglobin Iron-deficiency anaemia Iron overload |
| url | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2048679022000350/type/journal_article |
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