Gastrointestinal structure and function of preweaning dairy calves fed a whole milk powder or a milk replacer high in fat
ABSTRACT: The composition of milk replacer (MR) for calves greatly differs from that of bovine whole milk, which may affect gastrointestinal development of young calves. In this light, the objective of the current study was to compare gastrointestinal tract structure and function in response to feed...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Dairy Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030223001005 |
| _version_ | 1797854591069454336 |
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| author | S.C. Mellors J.N. Wilms A.C. Welboren M.H. Ghaffari L.N. Leal J. Martín-Tereso H. Sauerwein M.A. Steele |
| author_facet | S.C. Mellors J.N. Wilms A.C. Welboren M.H. Ghaffari L.N. Leal J. Martín-Tereso H. Sauerwein M.A. Steele |
| author_sort | S.C. Mellors |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT: The composition of milk replacer (MR) for calves greatly differs from that of bovine whole milk, which may affect gastrointestinal development of young calves. In this light, the objective of the current study was to compare gastrointestinal tract structure and function in response to feeding liquid diets having a same macronutrient profile (e.g., fat, lactose, protein) in calves in the first month of life. Eighteen male Holstein calves (46.6 ± 5.12 kg; 1.4 ± 0.50 d of age at arrival; mean ± standard deviation) were housed individually. Upon arrival, calves were blocked based on age and arrival day, and, within a block, calves were randomly assigned to either a whole milk powder (WP; 26% fat, DM basis, n = 9) or a MR high in fat (25% fat, n = 9) fed 3.0 L 3 times daily (9 L total per day) at 135 g/L through teat buckets. On d 21, gut permeability was assessed with indigestible permeability markers [chromium (Cr)-EDTA, lactulose, and d-mannitol]. On d 32 after arrival, calves were slaughtered. The weight of the total forestomach without contents was greater in WP-fed calves. Furthermore, duodenum and ileum weights were similar between treatment groups, but jejunum and total small intestine weights were greater in WP-fed calves. The surface area of the duodenum and ileum did not differ between treatment groups, but the surface area of the proximal jejunum was greater in calves fed WP. Urinary lactulose and Cr-EDTA recoveries were greater in calves fed WP in the first 6 h post marker administration. Tight junction protein gene expression in the proximal jejunum or ileum did not differ between treatments. The free fatty acid and phospholipid fatty acid profiles in the proximal jejunum and ileum differed between treatments and generally reflected the fatty acid profile of each liquid diet. Feeding WP or MR altered gut permeability and fatty acid composition of the gastrointestinal tract and further investigation are needed to understand the biological relevance of the observed differences. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T20:09:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4671fdb0c8a4444ba9831c4d2217a145 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0022-0302 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T20:09:40Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Dairy Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-4671fdb0c8a4444ba9831c4d2217a1452023-04-01T08:42:00ZengElsevierJournal of Dairy Science0022-03022023-04-01106424082427Gastrointestinal structure and function of preweaning dairy calves fed a whole milk powder or a milk replacer high in fatS.C. Mellors0J.N. Wilms1A.C. Welboren2M.H. Ghaffari3L.N. Leal4J. Martín-Tereso5H. Sauerwein6M.A. Steele7Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 1W2Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 1W2; Trouw Nutrition R&D, P.O. Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Corresponding authorsDepartment of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 1W2Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, GermanyTrouw Nutrition R&D, P.O. Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, the NetherlandsTrouw Nutrition R&D, P.O. Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, the NetherlandsInstitute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, GermanyDepartment of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 1W2; Corresponding authorsABSTRACT: The composition of milk replacer (MR) for calves greatly differs from that of bovine whole milk, which may affect gastrointestinal development of young calves. In this light, the objective of the current study was to compare gastrointestinal tract structure and function in response to feeding liquid diets having a same macronutrient profile (e.g., fat, lactose, protein) in calves in the first month of life. Eighteen male Holstein calves (46.6 ± 5.12 kg; 1.4 ± 0.50 d of age at arrival; mean ± standard deviation) were housed individually. Upon arrival, calves were blocked based on age and arrival day, and, within a block, calves were randomly assigned to either a whole milk powder (WP; 26% fat, DM basis, n = 9) or a MR high in fat (25% fat, n = 9) fed 3.0 L 3 times daily (9 L total per day) at 135 g/L through teat buckets. On d 21, gut permeability was assessed with indigestible permeability markers [chromium (Cr)-EDTA, lactulose, and d-mannitol]. On d 32 after arrival, calves were slaughtered. The weight of the total forestomach without contents was greater in WP-fed calves. Furthermore, duodenum and ileum weights were similar between treatment groups, but jejunum and total small intestine weights were greater in WP-fed calves. The surface area of the duodenum and ileum did not differ between treatment groups, but the surface area of the proximal jejunum was greater in calves fed WP. Urinary lactulose and Cr-EDTA recoveries were greater in calves fed WP in the first 6 h post marker administration. Tight junction protein gene expression in the proximal jejunum or ileum did not differ between treatments. The free fatty acid and phospholipid fatty acid profiles in the proximal jejunum and ileum differed between treatments and generally reflected the fatty acid profile of each liquid diet. Feeding WP or MR altered gut permeability and fatty acid composition of the gastrointestinal tract and further investigation are needed to understand the biological relevance of the observed differences.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030223001005calfmilk replacerfatty acidgut permeability |
| spellingShingle | S.C. Mellors J.N. Wilms A.C. Welboren M.H. Ghaffari L.N. Leal J. Martín-Tereso H. Sauerwein M.A. Steele Gastrointestinal structure and function of preweaning dairy calves fed a whole milk powder or a milk replacer high in fat Journal of Dairy Science calf milk replacer fatty acid gut permeability |
| title | Gastrointestinal structure and function of preweaning dairy calves fed a whole milk powder or a milk replacer high in fat |
| title_full | Gastrointestinal structure and function of preweaning dairy calves fed a whole milk powder or a milk replacer high in fat |
| title_fullStr | Gastrointestinal structure and function of preweaning dairy calves fed a whole milk powder or a milk replacer high in fat |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gastrointestinal structure and function of preweaning dairy calves fed a whole milk powder or a milk replacer high in fat |
| title_short | Gastrointestinal structure and function of preweaning dairy calves fed a whole milk powder or a milk replacer high in fat |
| title_sort | gastrointestinal structure and function of preweaning dairy calves fed a whole milk powder or a milk replacer high in fat |
| topic | calf milk replacer fatty acid gut permeability |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030223001005 |
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