Recent Advancement in Commercial and Other Sustainable Techniques for Energy and Material Recovery from Sewage Sludge
Rapid population growth and urbanization have resulted in a multi-fold increase in water consumption over the last few decades, resulting in the generation of large amounts of sewage and sewage sludge that impose severe environmental burdens if not handled properly. Sludge management itself accounts...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/5/948 |
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| author | Mohd Imran Siddiqui Hasan Rameez Izharul Haq Farooqi Farrukh Basheer |
| author_facet | Mohd Imran Siddiqui Hasan Rameez Izharul Haq Farooqi Farrukh Basheer |
| author_sort | Mohd Imran Siddiqui |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rapid population growth and urbanization have resulted in a multi-fold increase in water consumption over the last few decades, resulting in the generation of large amounts of sewage and sewage sludge that impose severe environmental burdens if not handled properly. Sludge management itself accounts for up to 50% of the total operating costs of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Conventional sludge management practices such as incineration, landfilling, and ocean disposal have been deemed difficult in light of today’s stringent environmental legislation and compliance standards. As a result, progress has been made toward developing more sustainable approaches for sludge management. This study reviews recent advancements in sewage sludge management techniques that not only ensure the safe disposal of sewage sludge but also focus on utilizing the potential of sewage sludge as feedstock for energy and resource recovery. Energy could be recovered by subjecting the pre-treated sludge to controlled anaerobic digestion (AD) to produce biogas or by utilizing the lipid content of the sewage sludge through esterification or direct sludge pyrolysis to produce biodiesel/bio-oil. Heavy metals such as Ag, Au, Cu, Fe, Ga, Cr, and others, as well as nutrients such as N, P, K, Mg, S, and others, could also be recovered. If energy and resource recovery from sewage sludge is practiced on a global scale, it could significantly contribute to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction. This review discusses the commercially developed and still-under-research technologies for energy and other resource recovery of sewage sludge. Additionally, techniques, along with their limitations and potential measures to improve their yields, are also discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:06:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4672262c1a6f4cd3a83c2ee3b5e4bcf4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:06:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-4672262c1a6f4cd3a83c2ee3b5e4bcf42023-11-17T08:55:18ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-03-0115594810.3390/w15050948Recent Advancement in Commercial and Other Sustainable Techniques for Energy and Material Recovery from Sewage SludgeMohd Imran Siddiqui0Hasan Rameez1Izharul Haq Farooqi2Farrukh Basheer3Department of Civil Engineering, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, IndiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, IndiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, IndiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, IndiaRapid population growth and urbanization have resulted in a multi-fold increase in water consumption over the last few decades, resulting in the generation of large amounts of sewage and sewage sludge that impose severe environmental burdens if not handled properly. Sludge management itself accounts for up to 50% of the total operating costs of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Conventional sludge management practices such as incineration, landfilling, and ocean disposal have been deemed difficult in light of today’s stringent environmental legislation and compliance standards. As a result, progress has been made toward developing more sustainable approaches for sludge management. This study reviews recent advancements in sewage sludge management techniques that not only ensure the safe disposal of sewage sludge but also focus on utilizing the potential of sewage sludge as feedstock for energy and resource recovery. Energy could be recovered by subjecting the pre-treated sludge to controlled anaerobic digestion (AD) to produce biogas or by utilizing the lipid content of the sewage sludge through esterification or direct sludge pyrolysis to produce biodiesel/bio-oil. Heavy metals such as Ag, Au, Cu, Fe, Ga, Cr, and others, as well as nutrients such as N, P, K, Mg, S, and others, could also be recovered. If energy and resource recovery from sewage sludge is practiced on a global scale, it could significantly contribute to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction. This review discusses the commercially developed and still-under-research technologies for energy and other resource recovery of sewage sludge. Additionally, techniques, along with their limitations and potential measures to improve their yields, are also discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/5/948anaerobic digestionbiogasbiodieselheavy metal recoverynutrient recoverysewage sludge |
| spellingShingle | Mohd Imran Siddiqui Hasan Rameez Izharul Haq Farooqi Farrukh Basheer Recent Advancement in Commercial and Other Sustainable Techniques for Energy and Material Recovery from Sewage Sludge Water anaerobic digestion biogas biodiesel heavy metal recovery nutrient recovery sewage sludge |
| title | Recent Advancement in Commercial and Other Sustainable Techniques for Energy and Material Recovery from Sewage Sludge |
| title_full | Recent Advancement in Commercial and Other Sustainable Techniques for Energy and Material Recovery from Sewage Sludge |
| title_fullStr | Recent Advancement in Commercial and Other Sustainable Techniques for Energy and Material Recovery from Sewage Sludge |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recent Advancement in Commercial and Other Sustainable Techniques for Energy and Material Recovery from Sewage Sludge |
| title_short | Recent Advancement in Commercial and Other Sustainable Techniques for Energy and Material Recovery from Sewage Sludge |
| title_sort | recent advancement in commercial and other sustainable techniques for energy and material recovery from sewage sludge |
| topic | anaerobic digestion biogas biodiesel heavy metal recovery nutrient recovery sewage sludge |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/5/948 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mohdimransiddiqui recentadvancementincommercialandothersustainabletechniquesforenergyandmaterialrecoveryfromsewagesludge AT hasanrameez recentadvancementincommercialandothersustainabletechniquesforenergyandmaterialrecoveryfromsewagesludge AT izharulhaqfarooqi recentadvancementincommercialandothersustainabletechniquesforenergyandmaterialrecoveryfromsewagesludge AT farrukhbasheer recentadvancementincommercialandothersustainabletechniquesforenergyandmaterialrecoveryfromsewagesludge |