Tough double network hydrogels with rapid self-reinforcement and low hysteresis based on highly entangled networks
Abstract Most tough hydrogels are reinforced by introducing energy dissipation mechanisms, but simultaneously realizing a high toughness and low hysteresis is challenging because the energy dissipation structure cannot recover rapidly. In this work, high mechanical performance highly entangled doubl...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2024-02-01
|
| Series: | Nature Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45485-8 |
| _version_ | 1797274020482121728 |
|---|---|
| author | Ruixin Zhu Dandan Zhu Zhen Zheng Xinling Wang |
| author_facet | Ruixin Zhu Dandan Zhu Zhen Zheng Xinling Wang |
| author_sort | Ruixin Zhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Most tough hydrogels are reinforced by introducing energy dissipation mechanisms, but simultaneously realizing a high toughness and low hysteresis is challenging because the energy dissipation structure cannot recover rapidly. In this work, high mechanical performance highly entangled double network hydrogels without energy dissipation structure are fabricated, in which physical entanglements act as the primary effective crosslinking in the first network. This sliding entanglement structure allows the hydrogel network to form a highly uniform oriented structure during stretching, resulting in a high tensile strength of ~3 MPa, a fracture energy of 8340 J m−2 and a strain-stiffening capability of 47.5 in 90% water content. Moreover, almost 100% reversibility is obtained in this hydrogel via energy storage based on entropy loss. The highly entangled double network structure not only overcomes the typical trade-off between the high toughness and low hysteresis of hydrogels, but more importantly, it provides an insight into the application of entanglement structures in high-performance hydrogels. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:52:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4679746ce2714350a57d798b766eb326 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2041-1723 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:52:25Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nature Communications |
| spelling | doaj.art-4679746ce2714350a57d798b766eb3262024-03-05T19:35:20ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232024-02-0115111110.1038/s41467-024-45485-8Tough double network hydrogels with rapid self-reinforcement and low hysteresis based on highly entangled networksRuixin Zhu0Dandan Zhu1Zhen Zheng2Xinling Wang3School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityAbstract Most tough hydrogels are reinforced by introducing energy dissipation mechanisms, but simultaneously realizing a high toughness and low hysteresis is challenging because the energy dissipation structure cannot recover rapidly. In this work, high mechanical performance highly entangled double network hydrogels without energy dissipation structure are fabricated, in which physical entanglements act as the primary effective crosslinking in the first network. This sliding entanglement structure allows the hydrogel network to form a highly uniform oriented structure during stretching, resulting in a high tensile strength of ~3 MPa, a fracture energy of 8340 J m−2 and a strain-stiffening capability of 47.5 in 90% water content. Moreover, almost 100% reversibility is obtained in this hydrogel via energy storage based on entropy loss. The highly entangled double network structure not only overcomes the typical trade-off between the high toughness and low hysteresis of hydrogels, but more importantly, it provides an insight into the application of entanglement structures in high-performance hydrogels.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45485-8 |
| spellingShingle | Ruixin Zhu Dandan Zhu Zhen Zheng Xinling Wang Tough double network hydrogels with rapid self-reinforcement and low hysteresis based on highly entangled networks Nature Communications |
| title | Tough double network hydrogels with rapid self-reinforcement and low hysteresis based on highly entangled networks |
| title_full | Tough double network hydrogels with rapid self-reinforcement and low hysteresis based on highly entangled networks |
| title_fullStr | Tough double network hydrogels with rapid self-reinforcement and low hysteresis based on highly entangled networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tough double network hydrogels with rapid self-reinforcement and low hysteresis based on highly entangled networks |
| title_short | Tough double network hydrogels with rapid self-reinforcement and low hysteresis based on highly entangled networks |
| title_sort | tough double network hydrogels with rapid self reinforcement and low hysteresis based on highly entangled networks |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45485-8 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ruixinzhu toughdoublenetworkhydrogelswithrapidselfreinforcementandlowhysteresisbasedonhighlyentanglednetworks AT dandanzhu toughdoublenetworkhydrogelswithrapidselfreinforcementandlowhysteresisbasedonhighlyentanglednetworks AT zhenzheng toughdoublenetworkhydrogelswithrapidselfreinforcementandlowhysteresisbasedonhighlyentanglednetworks AT xinlingwang toughdoublenetworkhydrogelswithrapidselfreinforcementandlowhysteresisbasedonhighlyentanglednetworks |