The Association between Tooth Loss and Alzheimer’s Disease: a Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Case Control Studies
Alzheimer’s disease is classified as a neurodegenerative condition, a heterogeneous group of illnesses characterized by the slow and progressive loss of one or more functions of the nervous system. Its incidence tends to increase gradually from 65 years of age, up to a prevalence of 4% at...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-05-01
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| Series: | Dentistry Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/7/2/49 |
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| author | Mario Dioguardi Giovanni Di Gioia Giorgia Apollonia Caloro Giorgia Capocasale Khrystyna Zhurakivska Giuseppe Troiano Lucio Lo Russo Lorenzo Lo Muzio |
| author_facet | Mario Dioguardi Giovanni Di Gioia Giorgia Apollonia Caloro Giorgia Capocasale Khrystyna Zhurakivska Giuseppe Troiano Lucio Lo Russo Lorenzo Lo Muzio |
| author_sort | Mario Dioguardi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alzheimer’s disease is classified as a neurodegenerative condition, a heterogeneous group of illnesses characterized by the slow and progressive loss of one or more functions of the nervous system. Its incidence tends to increase gradually from 65 years of age, up to a prevalence of 4% at age 75. The loss of dental elements is more prevalent in this population and might negatively affect the masticatory capacity, quality of life, and pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. This study investigated problems related to oral health and the loss of dental elements in elderly patients suffering from Alzheimer’s and considered whether local inflammatory processes could affect the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify a link between the causes leading to tooth loss and the onset/progression of Alzheimer’s disease. We also studied whether there is a higher incidence of tooth loss (primary outcome) and edentulism (secondary outcome) among Alzheimer’s patients. We searched records in electronic databases such as PubMed, EBSCO, and Web of Science using the following keywords: Alzheimer’s Disease AND periodontal, Alzheimer’s Disease AND periodontitis, dementia AND (periodontitis OR periodontal) “Alzheimer’s Disease” AND “tooth” OR “dental loss,” “dementia” AND “edentulous,” “Alzheimer’s Disease” AND “edentulous,” “dementia” AND “tooth” OR “dental loss.” The records were screened, and after applying the eligibility and inclusion criteria, nine articles were left, six of which were analyzed for the primary outcome (loss of dental elements) and six for the secondary outcome (tooth loss). Results from this meta-analysis revealed that Alzheimer’s disease patients have an increased risk of dental loss (hazard ratio (HR) 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00−2.30, <i>p</i> = 0.05) and edentulous condition (HR 2.26, 95% CI 1.70−3.01, <i>p</i> < 0.001). A quantitative analysis of the included studies indicated that patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease are characterized by a greater number of lost dental elements and general edentulism compared to the control groups. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:41:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-467cfb1aab544335a6da7ad6ad65a7a1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-6767 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:41:04Z |
| publishDate | 2019-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Dentistry Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-467cfb1aab544335a6da7ad6ad65a7a12022-12-22T04:01:35ZengMDPI AGDentistry Journal2304-67672019-05-01724910.3390/dj7020049dj7020049The Association between Tooth Loss and Alzheimer’s Disease: a Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Case Control StudiesMario Dioguardi0Giovanni Di Gioia1Giorgia Apollonia Caloro2Giorgia Capocasale3Khrystyna Zhurakivska4Giuseppe Troiano5Lucio Lo Russo6Lorenzo Lo Muzio7Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, ItalyDepartment of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari Via Piazza Giulio Cesare, 70124 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Surgical, Oncological and Surgery, University of Palermo, 90121 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, ItalyAlzheimer’s disease is classified as a neurodegenerative condition, a heterogeneous group of illnesses characterized by the slow and progressive loss of one or more functions of the nervous system. Its incidence tends to increase gradually from 65 years of age, up to a prevalence of 4% at age 75. The loss of dental elements is more prevalent in this population and might negatively affect the masticatory capacity, quality of life, and pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. This study investigated problems related to oral health and the loss of dental elements in elderly patients suffering from Alzheimer’s and considered whether local inflammatory processes could affect the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify a link between the causes leading to tooth loss and the onset/progression of Alzheimer’s disease. We also studied whether there is a higher incidence of tooth loss (primary outcome) and edentulism (secondary outcome) among Alzheimer’s patients. We searched records in electronic databases such as PubMed, EBSCO, and Web of Science using the following keywords: Alzheimer’s Disease AND periodontal, Alzheimer’s Disease AND periodontitis, dementia AND (periodontitis OR periodontal) “Alzheimer’s Disease” AND “tooth” OR “dental loss,” “dementia” AND “edentulous,” “Alzheimer’s Disease” AND “edentulous,” “dementia” AND “tooth” OR “dental loss.” The records were screened, and after applying the eligibility and inclusion criteria, nine articles were left, six of which were analyzed for the primary outcome (loss of dental elements) and six for the secondary outcome (tooth loss). Results from this meta-analysis revealed that Alzheimer’s disease patients have an increased risk of dental loss (hazard ratio (HR) 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00−2.30, <i>p</i> = 0.05) and edentulous condition (HR 2.26, 95% CI 1.70−3.01, <i>p</i> < 0.001). A quantitative analysis of the included studies indicated that patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease are characterized by a greater number of lost dental elements and general edentulism compared to the control groups.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/7/2/49Alzheimer’s diseasedementiaperiodontitistooth loss |
| spellingShingle | Mario Dioguardi Giovanni Di Gioia Giorgia Apollonia Caloro Giorgia Capocasale Khrystyna Zhurakivska Giuseppe Troiano Lucio Lo Russo Lorenzo Lo Muzio The Association between Tooth Loss and Alzheimer’s Disease: a Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Case Control Studies Dentistry Journal Alzheimer’s disease dementia periodontitis tooth loss |
| title | The Association between Tooth Loss and Alzheimer’s Disease: a Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Case Control Studies |
| title_full | The Association between Tooth Loss and Alzheimer’s Disease: a Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Case Control Studies |
| title_fullStr | The Association between Tooth Loss and Alzheimer’s Disease: a Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Case Control Studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Association between Tooth Loss and Alzheimer’s Disease: a Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Case Control Studies |
| title_short | The Association between Tooth Loss and Alzheimer’s Disease: a Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Case Control Studies |
| title_sort | association between tooth loss and alzheimer s disease a systematic review with meta analysis of case control studies |
| topic | Alzheimer’s disease dementia periodontitis tooth loss |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/7/2/49 |
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