Molecular Analysis of Full-Length VP2 of Canine Parvovirus Reveals Antigenic Drift in CPV-2b and CPV-2c Variants in Central Chile
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a major pathogen in canines, with a high mortality rate in unvaccinated puppies. CPV is traditionally classified into three antigenic variants (CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c) based on the amino acid sequence of the VP2 protein. Currently, various mutations are described in the...
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/8/2387 |
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| author | Véliz-Ahumada Alexis Vidal Sonia Siel Daniela Guzmán Miguel Hardman Timothy Farias Valentina Lapierre Lisette Sáenz Leonardo |
| author_facet | Véliz-Ahumada Alexis Vidal Sonia Siel Daniela Guzmán Miguel Hardman Timothy Farias Valentina Lapierre Lisette Sáenz Leonardo |
| author_sort | Véliz-Ahumada Alexis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a major pathogen in canines, with a high mortality rate in unvaccinated puppies. CPV is traditionally classified into three antigenic variants (CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c) based on the amino acid sequence of the VP2 protein. Currently, various mutations are described in the receptor-binding area or in the regions of greatest antigenicity of the VP2 protein, giving rise to new viral variants that are capable of immunological escape, affecting the protective immunity of traditional vaccines. In the present study, a molecular characterization of the VP2 gene was performed, which included phylogenetic analysis, amino acid characterization and determination of selection pressures. Blood samples were initially collected from canine patients with clinical signs of gastrointestinal infection, of which 69 were positive for CPV as measured by means of PCR and 18 samples were selected for the amplification of the complete VP2 gene. The analysis revealed a higher rate of CPV-2c-positive patients compared to CPV-2b. Furthermore, the amino acid characterization of VP2 indicated mutations in the regions of highest antigenicity previously described in the literature (CPV-2b: 297 and 324; CPV-2c: 440), as well as others not previously documented (CPV-2b: 514; CPV-2c: 188, 322, 379, 427 and 463). Our analysis of selection pressure showed that the VP2 gene is under negative selection. However, positive selection point sites were identified, both in CPV-2c (324, 426 and 440) and CPV-2b (297 and 324), at sites that have been associated with evasion of the immune response via antigenic drift, which possibly has implications for the protective immunity generated by traditional vaccines. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:04:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-46811f94cb6844a297e86506a936573b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:04:12Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-46811f94cb6844a297e86506a936573b2023-11-22T06:31:23ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152021-08-01118238710.3390/ani11082387Molecular Analysis of Full-Length VP2 of Canine Parvovirus Reveals Antigenic Drift in CPV-2b and CPV-2c Variants in Central ChileVéliz-Ahumada Alexis0Vidal Sonia1Siel Daniela2Guzmán Miguel3Hardman Timothy4Farias Valentina5Lapierre Lisette6Sáenz Leonardo7Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, ChileLaboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, ChileLaboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, ChileNúcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Campus Maipú-Sede, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 9250000, ChileLaboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, ChileLaboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, ChileDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, ChileLaboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, ChileCanine parvovirus (CPV) is a major pathogen in canines, with a high mortality rate in unvaccinated puppies. CPV is traditionally classified into three antigenic variants (CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c) based on the amino acid sequence of the VP2 protein. Currently, various mutations are described in the receptor-binding area or in the regions of greatest antigenicity of the VP2 protein, giving rise to new viral variants that are capable of immunological escape, affecting the protective immunity of traditional vaccines. In the present study, a molecular characterization of the VP2 gene was performed, which included phylogenetic analysis, amino acid characterization and determination of selection pressures. Blood samples were initially collected from canine patients with clinical signs of gastrointestinal infection, of which 69 were positive for CPV as measured by means of PCR and 18 samples were selected for the amplification of the complete VP2 gene. The analysis revealed a higher rate of CPV-2c-positive patients compared to CPV-2b. Furthermore, the amino acid characterization of VP2 indicated mutations in the regions of highest antigenicity previously described in the literature (CPV-2b: 297 and 324; CPV-2c: 440), as well as others not previously documented (CPV-2b: 514; CPV-2c: 188, 322, 379, 427 and 463). Our analysis of selection pressure showed that the VP2 gene is under negative selection. However, positive selection point sites were identified, both in CPV-2c (324, 426 and 440) and CPV-2b (297 and 324), at sites that have been associated with evasion of the immune response via antigenic drift, which possibly has implications for the protective immunity generated by traditional vaccines.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/8/2387canine parvovirusimmune escapeantigenic driftfull length VP2molecular characterizationselection pressures |
| spellingShingle | Véliz-Ahumada Alexis Vidal Sonia Siel Daniela Guzmán Miguel Hardman Timothy Farias Valentina Lapierre Lisette Sáenz Leonardo Molecular Analysis of Full-Length VP2 of Canine Parvovirus Reveals Antigenic Drift in CPV-2b and CPV-2c Variants in Central Chile Animals canine parvovirus immune escape antigenic drift full length VP2 molecular characterization selection pressures |
| title | Molecular Analysis of Full-Length VP2 of Canine Parvovirus Reveals Antigenic Drift in CPV-2b and CPV-2c Variants in Central Chile |
| title_full | Molecular Analysis of Full-Length VP2 of Canine Parvovirus Reveals Antigenic Drift in CPV-2b and CPV-2c Variants in Central Chile |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Analysis of Full-Length VP2 of Canine Parvovirus Reveals Antigenic Drift in CPV-2b and CPV-2c Variants in Central Chile |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Analysis of Full-Length VP2 of Canine Parvovirus Reveals Antigenic Drift in CPV-2b and CPV-2c Variants in Central Chile |
| title_short | Molecular Analysis of Full-Length VP2 of Canine Parvovirus Reveals Antigenic Drift in CPV-2b and CPV-2c Variants in Central Chile |
| title_sort | molecular analysis of full length vp2 of canine parvovirus reveals antigenic drift in cpv 2b and cpv 2c variants in central chile |
| topic | canine parvovirus immune escape antigenic drift full length VP2 molecular characterization selection pressures |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/8/2387 |
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