The Potential Biological Roles of Circular RNAs in the Immune Systems of Insects to Pathogen Invasion
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a newly discovered class of endogenously expressed non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). They are highly stable, covalently closed molecules that frequently exhibit tissue-specific expression in eukaryotes. A small number of circRNAs are abundant and have been remarkably conserved t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/4/895 |
| _version_ | 1797605285861261312 |
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| author | Muhammad Nadeem Abbas Saima Kausar Isma Gul Jisheng Li Huijuan Yu Mengyao Dong Hongjuan Cui |
| author_facet | Muhammad Nadeem Abbas Saima Kausar Isma Gul Jisheng Li Huijuan Yu Mengyao Dong Hongjuan Cui |
| author_sort | Muhammad Nadeem Abbas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a newly discovered class of endogenously expressed non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). They are highly stable, covalently closed molecules that frequently exhibit tissue-specific expression in eukaryotes. A small number of circRNAs are abundant and have been remarkably conserved throughout evolution. Numerous circRNAs are known to play important biological roles by acting as microRNAs (miRNAs) or protein inhibitors (‘sponges’), by regulating the function of proteins, or by being translated themselves. CircRNAs have distinct cellular functions due to structural and production differences from mRNAs. Recent advances highlight the importance of characterizing circRNAs and their targets in a variety of insect species in order to fully understand how they contribute to the immune responses of these insects. Here, we focus on the recent advances in our understanding of the biogenesis of circRNAs, regulation of their abundance, and biological roles, such as serving as templates for translation and in the regulation of signaling pathways. We also discuss the emerging roles of circRNAs in regulating immune responses to various microbial pathogens. Furthermore, we describe the functions of circRNAs encoded by microbial pathogens that play in their hosts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:58:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-468574c97afe4742aef7856f54ba1342 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:58:53Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-468574c97afe4742aef7856f54ba13422023-11-17T19:24:05ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252023-04-0114489510.3390/genes14040895The Potential Biological Roles of Circular RNAs in the Immune Systems of Insects to Pathogen InvasionMuhammad Nadeem Abbas0Saima Kausar1Isma Gul2Jisheng Li3Huijuan Yu4Mengyao Dong5Hongjuan Cui6State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, ChinaCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are a newly discovered class of endogenously expressed non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). They are highly stable, covalently closed molecules that frequently exhibit tissue-specific expression in eukaryotes. A small number of circRNAs are abundant and have been remarkably conserved throughout evolution. Numerous circRNAs are known to play important biological roles by acting as microRNAs (miRNAs) or protein inhibitors (‘sponges’), by regulating the function of proteins, or by being translated themselves. CircRNAs have distinct cellular functions due to structural and production differences from mRNAs. Recent advances highlight the importance of characterizing circRNAs and their targets in a variety of insect species in order to fully understand how they contribute to the immune responses of these insects. Here, we focus on the recent advances in our understanding of the biogenesis of circRNAs, regulation of their abundance, and biological roles, such as serving as templates for translation and in the regulation of signaling pathways. We also discuss the emerging roles of circRNAs in regulating immune responses to various microbial pathogens. Furthermore, we describe the functions of circRNAs encoded by microbial pathogens that play in their hosts.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/4/895noncoding RNAcircRNAsinsectsimmune responseshost–pathogen interaction |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Nadeem Abbas Saima Kausar Isma Gul Jisheng Li Huijuan Yu Mengyao Dong Hongjuan Cui The Potential Biological Roles of Circular RNAs in the Immune Systems of Insects to Pathogen Invasion Genes noncoding RNA circRNAs insects immune responses host–pathogen interaction |
| title | The Potential Biological Roles of Circular RNAs in the Immune Systems of Insects to Pathogen Invasion |
| title_full | The Potential Biological Roles of Circular RNAs in the Immune Systems of Insects to Pathogen Invasion |
| title_fullStr | The Potential Biological Roles of Circular RNAs in the Immune Systems of Insects to Pathogen Invasion |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Potential Biological Roles of Circular RNAs in the Immune Systems of Insects to Pathogen Invasion |
| title_short | The Potential Biological Roles of Circular RNAs in the Immune Systems of Insects to Pathogen Invasion |
| title_sort | potential biological roles of circular rnas in the immune systems of insects to pathogen invasion |
| topic | noncoding RNA circRNAs insects immune responses host–pathogen interaction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/4/895 |
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