Oligodendrocyte Injury and Pathogenesis of HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders
Oligodendrocytes wrap neuronal axons to form myelin, an insulating sheath which is essential for nervous impulse conduction along axons. Axonal myelination is highly regulated by neuronal and astrocytic signals and the maintenance of myelin sheaths is a very complex process. Oligodendrocyte damage c...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2016-07-01
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| Series: | Brain Sciences |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/6/3/23 |
| _version_ | 1819071411546750976 |
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| author | Han Liu Enquan Xu Jianuo Liu Huangui Xiong |
| author_facet | Han Liu Enquan Xu Jianuo Liu Huangui Xiong |
| author_sort | Han Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Oligodendrocytes wrap neuronal axons to form myelin, an insulating sheath which is essential for nervous impulse conduction along axons. Axonal myelination is highly regulated by neuronal and astrocytic signals and the maintenance of myelin sheaths is a very complex process. Oligodendrocyte damage can cause axonal demyelination and neuronal injury, leading to neurological disorders. Demyelination in the cerebrum may produce cognitive impairment in a variety of neurological disorders, including human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Although the combined antiretroviral therapy has markedly reduced the incidence of HIV-1-associated dementia, a severe form of HAND, milder forms of HAND remain prevalent even when the peripheral viral load is well controlled. HAND manifests as a subcortical dementia with damage in the brain white matter (e.g., corpus callosum), which consists of myelinated axonal fibers. How HIV-1 brain infection causes myelin injury and resultant white matter damage is an interesting area of current HIV research. In this review, we tentatively address recent progress on oligodendrocyte dysregulation and HAND pathogenesis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T17:21:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4692e7df736047aa8c9fd45e9f62c4ae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T17:21:24Z |
| publishDate | 2016-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-4692e7df736047aa8c9fd45e9f62c4ae2022-12-21T18:56:10ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252016-07-01632310.3390/brainsci6030023brainsci6030023Oligodendrocyte Injury and Pathogenesis of HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive DisordersHan Liu0Enquan Xu1Jianuo Liu2Huangui Xiong3Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USADepartment of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USADepartment of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USADepartment of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USAOligodendrocytes wrap neuronal axons to form myelin, an insulating sheath which is essential for nervous impulse conduction along axons. Axonal myelination is highly regulated by neuronal and astrocytic signals and the maintenance of myelin sheaths is a very complex process. Oligodendrocyte damage can cause axonal demyelination and neuronal injury, leading to neurological disorders. Demyelination in the cerebrum may produce cognitive impairment in a variety of neurological disorders, including human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Although the combined antiretroviral therapy has markedly reduced the incidence of HIV-1-associated dementia, a severe form of HAND, milder forms of HAND remain prevalent even when the peripheral viral load is well controlled. HAND manifests as a subcortical dementia with damage in the brain white matter (e.g., corpus callosum), which consists of myelinated axonal fibers. How HIV-1 brain infection causes myelin injury and resultant white matter damage is an interesting area of current HIV research. In this review, we tentatively address recent progress on oligodendrocyte dysregulation and HAND pathogenesis.http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/6/3/23HIV-1dementiaoligodendrocytemyelin sheath |
| spellingShingle | Han Liu Enquan Xu Jianuo Liu Huangui Xiong Oligodendrocyte Injury and Pathogenesis of HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders Brain Sciences HIV-1 dementia oligodendrocyte myelin sheath |
| title | Oligodendrocyte Injury and Pathogenesis of HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders |
| title_full | Oligodendrocyte Injury and Pathogenesis of HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders |
| title_fullStr | Oligodendrocyte Injury and Pathogenesis of HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oligodendrocyte Injury and Pathogenesis of HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders |
| title_short | Oligodendrocyte Injury and Pathogenesis of HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders |
| title_sort | oligodendrocyte injury and pathogenesis of hiv 1 associated neurocognitive disorders |
| topic | HIV-1 dementia oligodendrocyte myelin sheath |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/6/3/23 |
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