Assessing the Impact of Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Prevention of COVID-19 Infection on Households: Evidence From Malaysia
COVID-19 infection resulted in significant economic implications to patients as well as a considerable financial burden to the general population for preventive measures. A descriptive study was conducted among staff at one of the public universities in Malaysia to estimate the monthly out-of-pocket...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SAGE Publishing
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Inquiry: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580211062402 |
| _version_ | 1818362803211206656 |
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| author | Hafiz Jaafar DrPH, MPH, MBBS Nur Amalina Abd Laziz MCouns, BCoun Muslimah Ithnin PhD, MSc, BBiomedSc Amirah Azzeri PhD, MPH, MBBS |
| author_facet | Hafiz Jaafar DrPH, MPH, MBBS Nur Amalina Abd Laziz MCouns, BCoun Muslimah Ithnin PhD, MSc, BBiomedSc Amirah Azzeri PhD, MPH, MBBS |
| author_sort | Hafiz Jaafar DrPH, MPH, MBBS |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | COVID-19 infection resulted in significant economic implications to patients as well as a considerable financial burden to the general population for preventive measures. A descriptive study was conducted among staff at one of the public universities in Malaysia to estimate the monthly out-of-pocket expenditures for preventive measures used for COVID-19 infection. The study tool includes questions on household out-of-pocket expenditure and the measurements of the impact of the expenditure on household income. It was found that the average cumulative monthly expenditures related to the preventive measures were US$ 45.90 (Ringgit Malaysia 187.77), which was 4.3% of the household income. The highest expenditures were for traditional and complementary medicine followed by nutraceutical/supplements and disposable facemask. 8% of the households in this study incurred more than ten per cents of their monthly household income for expenditures related to COVID-19 preventive measures. Several households are experiencing substantial financial implications for preventive measures related to COVID-19 infection. This study highlights the out-of-pocket expenditures incurred for preventive measures were substantial for certain households. Effective initiatives from the government on providing subsidized protective personal equipment and a cost-sharing approach could help to alleviate the household financial burden. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T21:38:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-46945a3b337b4599aee260fdc29018e1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0046-9580 1945-7243 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T21:38:23Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | SAGE Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Inquiry: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing |
| spelling | doaj.art-46945a3b337b4599aee260fdc29018e12022-12-21T23:30:36ZengSAGE PublishingInquiry: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing0046-95801945-72432021-12-015810.1177/00469580211062402Assessing the Impact of Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Prevention of COVID-19 Infection on Households: Evidence From MalaysiaHafiz Jaafar DrPH, MPH, MBBSNur Amalina Abd Laziz MCouns, BCounMuslimah Ithnin PhD, MSc, BBiomedScAmirah Azzeri PhD, MPH, MBBSCOVID-19 infection resulted in significant economic implications to patients as well as a considerable financial burden to the general population for preventive measures. A descriptive study was conducted among staff at one of the public universities in Malaysia to estimate the monthly out-of-pocket expenditures for preventive measures used for COVID-19 infection. The study tool includes questions on household out-of-pocket expenditure and the measurements of the impact of the expenditure on household income. It was found that the average cumulative monthly expenditures related to the preventive measures were US$ 45.90 (Ringgit Malaysia 187.77), which was 4.3% of the household income. The highest expenditures were for traditional and complementary medicine followed by nutraceutical/supplements and disposable facemask. 8% of the households in this study incurred more than ten per cents of their monthly household income for expenditures related to COVID-19 preventive measures. Several households are experiencing substantial financial implications for preventive measures related to COVID-19 infection. This study highlights the out-of-pocket expenditures incurred for preventive measures were substantial for certain households. Effective initiatives from the government on providing subsidized protective personal equipment and a cost-sharing approach could help to alleviate the household financial burden.https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580211062402 |
| spellingShingle | Hafiz Jaafar DrPH, MPH, MBBS Nur Amalina Abd Laziz MCouns, BCoun Muslimah Ithnin PhD, MSc, BBiomedSc Amirah Azzeri PhD, MPH, MBBS Assessing the Impact of Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Prevention of COVID-19 Infection on Households: Evidence From Malaysia Inquiry: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing |
| title | Assessing the Impact of Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Prevention of COVID-19 Infection on Households: Evidence From Malaysia |
| title_full | Assessing the Impact of Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Prevention of COVID-19 Infection on Households: Evidence From Malaysia |
| title_fullStr | Assessing the Impact of Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Prevention of COVID-19 Infection on Households: Evidence From Malaysia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing the Impact of Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Prevention of COVID-19 Infection on Households: Evidence From Malaysia |
| title_short | Assessing the Impact of Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Prevention of COVID-19 Infection on Households: Evidence From Malaysia |
| title_sort | assessing the impact of out of pocket expenditures for prevention of covid 19 infection on households evidence from malaysia |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580211062402 |
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