Anatomical Variations of the Pectoralis Muscle and Its Importance for Breast Implant Surgery
Background:. In breast augmentation, during submuscular or dual plane dissection, anatomical variations of the inferior and costal origin of the pectoralis major muscle (PMM) play a key role to ensure optimal implant coverage. Especially, a short and narrow muscle or surgical release along the stern...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Global Open |
| Online Access: | http://journals.lww.com/prsgo/fulltext/10.1097/GOX.0000000000004761 |
| _version_ | 1797894184663777280 |
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| author | Paolo Montemurro, MD Maximilian Otte, MD Johannes M. Wagner, MD Georgios Pafitanis, MD Mubashir Cheema, MD Per Hedén, MD, PhD |
| author_facet | Paolo Montemurro, MD Maximilian Otte, MD Johannes M. Wagner, MD Georgios Pafitanis, MD Mubashir Cheema, MD Per Hedén, MD, PhD |
| author_sort | Paolo Montemurro, MD |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background:. In breast augmentation, during submuscular or dual plane dissection, anatomical variations of the inferior and costal origin of the pectoralis major muscle (PMM) play a key role to ensure optimal implant coverage. Especially, a short and narrow muscle or surgical release along the sternum increases the risk of irregularities and animation deformities of the implant.
Methods:. In 84 consecutive aesthetic breast augmentations intraoperatively, measurement of PMM dimensions was performed bilaterally. These PMM measurements were then correlated with the preoperative breast width, the inframammary fold, and the placement of the implant’s lower pole.
Results:. One hundred sixty-eight PMMs of 84 patients were dissected with a dual plane II or III technique for primary aesthetic breast augmentation. In 88% of breasts, the calculated implants’ lower pole was below the inferiomedial origin of the pectoralis muscle. In 10% of patients, a separation (more than 1 cm wide and 2 cm wide) in the inferior-medial origin of the PMM was noted. An asymmetry more than 0.5 cm in length between the left and right pectoralis major was noted in 36% of patients.
Conclusions:. In this series, the anatomy of the PMM demonstrates a substantial variability in width and length and a considerable asymmetry in its dimensions. These findings emphasize the importance of good access and visualization of the origin of the PMM fibers before its division. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T07:04:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-469d60a53c28482597ed859c99248d00 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-7574 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T07:04:48Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Global Open |
| spelling | doaj.art-469d60a53c28482597ed859c99248d002023-02-27T09:01:50ZengWolters KluwerPlastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Global Open2169-75742023-01-01111e476110.1097/GOX.0000000000004761202301000-00037Anatomical Variations of the Pectoralis Muscle and Its Importance for Breast Implant SurgeryPaolo Montemurro, MD0Maximilian Otte, MD1Johannes M. Wagner, MD2Georgios Pafitanis, MD3Mubashir Cheema, MD4Per Hedén, MD, PhD5From the * Akademikliniken, Stockholm, SwedenFrom the * Akademikliniken, Stockholm, Sweden† Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil Bochum, Bochum, GermanyFrom the * Akademikliniken, Stockholm, SwedenFrom the * Akademikliniken, Stockholm, SwedenFrom the * Akademikliniken, Stockholm, SwedenBackground:. In breast augmentation, during submuscular or dual plane dissection, anatomical variations of the inferior and costal origin of the pectoralis major muscle (PMM) play a key role to ensure optimal implant coverage. Especially, a short and narrow muscle or surgical release along the sternum increases the risk of irregularities and animation deformities of the implant. Methods:. In 84 consecutive aesthetic breast augmentations intraoperatively, measurement of PMM dimensions was performed bilaterally. These PMM measurements were then correlated with the preoperative breast width, the inframammary fold, and the placement of the implant’s lower pole. Results:. One hundred sixty-eight PMMs of 84 patients were dissected with a dual plane II or III technique for primary aesthetic breast augmentation. In 88% of breasts, the calculated implants’ lower pole was below the inferiomedial origin of the pectoralis muscle. In 10% of patients, a separation (more than 1 cm wide and 2 cm wide) in the inferior-medial origin of the PMM was noted. An asymmetry more than 0.5 cm in length between the left and right pectoralis major was noted in 36% of patients. Conclusions:. In this series, the anatomy of the PMM demonstrates a substantial variability in width and length and a considerable asymmetry in its dimensions. These findings emphasize the importance of good access and visualization of the origin of the PMM fibers before its division.http://journals.lww.com/prsgo/fulltext/10.1097/GOX.0000000000004761 |
| spellingShingle | Paolo Montemurro, MD Maximilian Otte, MD Johannes M. Wagner, MD Georgios Pafitanis, MD Mubashir Cheema, MD Per Hedén, MD, PhD Anatomical Variations of the Pectoralis Muscle and Its Importance for Breast Implant Surgery Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Global Open |
| title | Anatomical Variations of the Pectoralis Muscle and Its Importance for Breast Implant Surgery |
| title_full | Anatomical Variations of the Pectoralis Muscle and Its Importance for Breast Implant Surgery |
| title_fullStr | Anatomical Variations of the Pectoralis Muscle and Its Importance for Breast Implant Surgery |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anatomical Variations of the Pectoralis Muscle and Its Importance for Breast Implant Surgery |
| title_short | Anatomical Variations of the Pectoralis Muscle and Its Importance for Breast Implant Surgery |
| title_sort | anatomical variations of the pectoralis muscle and its importance for breast implant surgery |
| url | http://journals.lww.com/prsgo/fulltext/10.1097/GOX.0000000000004761 |
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