The Effect of External Power Output and Its Reliability on Propulsion Technique Variables in Wheelchair Users With Spinal Cord Injury
The purpose of this study was to assess 1) how treadmill slope variance affected external power output (PO) and propulsion technique reliability; and 2) how PO is associated with propulsion technique. Eighteen individuals with spinal cord injury performed two wheelchair treadmill exercise blocks (0&...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2022-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9696320/ |
| _version_ | 1797805081082462208 |
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| author | Sonja de Groot Rachel E. Cowan Megan K. MacGillivray Marika T. Leving Bonita J. Sawatzky |
| author_facet | Sonja de Groot Rachel E. Cowan Megan K. MacGillivray Marika T. Leving Bonita J. Sawatzky |
| author_sort | Sonja de Groot |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The purpose of this study was to assess 1) how treadmill slope variance affected external power output (PO) and propulsion technique reliability; and 2) how PO is associated with propulsion technique. Eighteen individuals with spinal cord injury performed two wheelchair treadmill exercise blocks (0% and 1% treadmill slope, standardized velocity) twice on two separate days. PO, velocity, and 14 propulsion technique variables were measured. In a follow-up study, N = 29 performed wheelchair treadmill drag tests. Target and actual slope were documented and PO, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and smallest detectable differences (SDD) were calculated. Within and between visits, the reliability study ICCs were perfect for velocity (1.0), weak for PO (0.33-0.46), and acceptable (>0.70) for five (0% slope) and 10 (1% slope) propulsion technique variables, resulting in SDDs of 35-196%. Measured PO explained 56-90% of the variance in key propulsion technique variables. In the follow-up, PO ICCs were weak (0.43) and SDDs high. Bias between target and actual slope appeared random. In conclusion, PO variability accounts for 50-90% of the variability in propulsion technique variables when speed and wheelchair set-up are held constant. Therefore, small differences in PO between interventions could mask the effect of the interventions on propulsion technique. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T05:46:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-46aa99cf884143fa96bd813ae9e5930c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1558-0210 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T05:46:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-46aa99cf884143fa96bd813ae9e5930c2023-06-13T20:08:45ZengIEEEIEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering1558-02102022-01-013029630410.1109/TNSRE.2022.31476899696320The Effect of External Power Output and Its Reliability on Propulsion Technique Variables in Wheelchair Users With Spinal Cord InjurySonja de Groot0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8463-2563Rachel E. Cowan1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3320-0653Megan K. MacGillivray2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0224-4047Marika T. Leving3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2732-4406Bonita J. Sawatzky4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8901-2301Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center, Reade, Amsterdam, HG, The NetherlandsDepartment of Neurological Surgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USARehabilitation Sciences Department, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaCentre for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, CP, The NetherlandsDepartment of Orthopaedics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaThe purpose of this study was to assess 1) how treadmill slope variance affected external power output (PO) and propulsion technique reliability; and 2) how PO is associated with propulsion technique. Eighteen individuals with spinal cord injury performed two wheelchair treadmill exercise blocks (0% and 1% treadmill slope, standardized velocity) twice on two separate days. PO, velocity, and 14 propulsion technique variables were measured. In a follow-up study, N = 29 performed wheelchair treadmill drag tests. Target and actual slope were documented and PO, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and smallest detectable differences (SDD) were calculated. Within and between visits, the reliability study ICCs were perfect for velocity (1.0), weak for PO (0.33-0.46), and acceptable (>0.70) for five (0% slope) and 10 (1% slope) propulsion technique variables, resulting in SDDs of 35-196%. Measured PO explained 56-90% of the variance in key propulsion technique variables. In the follow-up, PO ICCs were weak (0.43) and SDDs high. Bias between target and actual slope appeared random. In conclusion, PO variability accounts for 50-90% of the variability in propulsion technique variables when speed and wheelchair set-up are held constant. Therefore, small differences in PO between interventions could mask the effect of the interventions on propulsion technique.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9696320/Exercise testpower outputspinal cord injuriestreadmillwheelchairs |
| spellingShingle | Sonja de Groot Rachel E. Cowan Megan K. MacGillivray Marika T. Leving Bonita J. Sawatzky The Effect of External Power Output and Its Reliability on Propulsion Technique Variables in Wheelchair Users With Spinal Cord Injury IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering Exercise test power output spinal cord injuries treadmill wheelchairs |
| title | The Effect of External Power Output and Its Reliability on Propulsion Technique Variables in Wheelchair Users With Spinal Cord Injury |
| title_full | The Effect of External Power Output and Its Reliability on Propulsion Technique Variables in Wheelchair Users With Spinal Cord Injury |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of External Power Output and Its Reliability on Propulsion Technique Variables in Wheelchair Users With Spinal Cord Injury |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of External Power Output and Its Reliability on Propulsion Technique Variables in Wheelchair Users With Spinal Cord Injury |
| title_short | The Effect of External Power Output and Its Reliability on Propulsion Technique Variables in Wheelchair Users With Spinal Cord Injury |
| title_sort | effect of external power output and its reliability on propulsion technique variables in wheelchair users with spinal cord injury |
| topic | Exercise test power output spinal cord injuries treadmill wheelchairs |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9696320/ |
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