Biomedical Applications of <i>Scutellaria edelbergii</i> Rech. f.: In Vitro and In Vivo Approach
In the current study, in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of <i>Scutellaria edelbergii</i> Rech. f. (crude extract and subfractions, i.e., n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), chloroform, n-butanol (n-BuOH) and aqueous) wer...
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| author | Muddaser Shah Waheed Murad Najeeb Ur Rehman Sobia Ahsan Halim Manzoor Ahmed Hazir Rehman Muhammed Zahoor Sidra Mubin Ajmal Khan Mohamed A. Nassan Gaber El-Saber Batiha Ahmed Al-Harrasi |
| author_facet | Muddaser Shah Waheed Murad Najeeb Ur Rehman Sobia Ahsan Halim Manzoor Ahmed Hazir Rehman Muhammed Zahoor Sidra Mubin Ajmal Khan Mohamed A. Nassan Gaber El-Saber Batiha Ahmed Al-Harrasi |
| author_sort | Muddaser Shah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the current study, in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of <i>Scutellaria edelbergii</i> Rech. f. (crude extract and subfractions, i.e., n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), chloroform, n-butanol (n-BuOH) and aqueous) were explored. Initially, extraction and fractionation of the selected medicinal plant were carried out, followed by phytochemical qualitative tests, which were mostly positive for all the extracts. EtOAc fraction possessed a significant amount of phenolic (79.2 ± 0.30 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (84.0 ± 0.39 mg QE/g) content. The EtOAc fraction of <i>S. edelbergii</i> exhibited appreciable antibacterial activity against Gram-negative (<i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>) strains and significant zones of inhibition were observed against Gram-positive bacterial strains (<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>). However, it was found inactive against <i>Candida Albicans</i> and <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> fungal strains. The chloroform fraction was the most effective with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 172 and 74 µg/mL against DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) and ABTS assays, in comparison with standard ascorbic acid 59 and 63 µg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the EtOAc fraction displayed significant in vivo anti-inflammatory activity (54%) using carrageenan-induced assay and significant (55%) in vivo analgesic activity using acetic acid-induced writing assay. In addition, nine known compounds, ursolic acid (<b>UA</b>), ovaul (<b>OV</b>), oleanolic acid (<b>OA</b>), β-sitosterol (<b>BS</b>), micromeric acid (<b>MA</b>), taraxasterol acetate (<b>TA</b>), 5,3′,4′-trihydroxy-7-methoxy flavone (<b>FL-1</b>), 5,7,4′-trihydroxy-6,3′-dimiethoxyflavone (<b>FL-2</b>) and 7-methoxy catechin (<b>FL-3</b>), were isolated from methanolic extract of <i>S. edelbergii</i>. These constituents have never been obtained from this source. The structures of all the isolated constituents were elucidated by spectroscopic means. In conclusion, the EtOAc fraction and all other fractions of <i>S. edelbergii</i>, in general, displayed a significant role as antibacterial, free radical scavenger, anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents which may be due to the presence of these constituents and other flavonoids. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:15:29Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:15:29Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-46aabcd8c0884d1bbb78c91a9bbbeef12023-11-22T00:50:06ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-06-012612374010.3390/molecules26123740Biomedical Applications of <i>Scutellaria edelbergii</i> Rech. f.: In Vitro and In Vivo ApproachMuddaser Shah0Waheed Murad1Najeeb Ur Rehman2Sobia Ahsan Halim3Manzoor Ahmed4Hazir Rehman5Muhammed Zahoor6Sidra Mubin7Ajmal Khan8Mohamed A. Nassan9Gaber El-Saber Batiha10Ahmed Al-Harrasi11Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, PakistanDepartment of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, PakistanNatural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, OmanNatural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, OmanDepartment of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, PakistanDepartment of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, PakistanDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, PakistanDepartment of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra 21310, PakistanNatural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, OmanDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, EgyptNatural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, OmanIn the current study, in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of <i>Scutellaria edelbergii</i> Rech. f. (crude extract and subfractions, i.e., n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), chloroform, n-butanol (n-BuOH) and aqueous) were explored. Initially, extraction and fractionation of the selected medicinal plant were carried out, followed by phytochemical qualitative tests, which were mostly positive for all the extracts. EtOAc fraction possessed a significant amount of phenolic (79.2 ± 0.30 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (84.0 ± 0.39 mg QE/g) content. The EtOAc fraction of <i>S. edelbergii</i> exhibited appreciable antibacterial activity against Gram-negative (<i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>) strains and significant zones of inhibition were observed against Gram-positive bacterial strains (<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>). However, it was found inactive against <i>Candida Albicans</i> and <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> fungal strains. The chloroform fraction was the most effective with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 172 and 74 µg/mL against DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) and ABTS assays, in comparison with standard ascorbic acid 59 and 63 µg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the EtOAc fraction displayed significant in vivo anti-inflammatory activity (54%) using carrageenan-induced assay and significant (55%) in vivo analgesic activity using acetic acid-induced writing assay. In addition, nine known compounds, ursolic acid (<b>UA</b>), ovaul (<b>OV</b>), oleanolic acid (<b>OA</b>), β-sitosterol (<b>BS</b>), micromeric acid (<b>MA</b>), taraxasterol acetate (<b>TA</b>), 5,3′,4′-trihydroxy-7-methoxy flavone (<b>FL-1</b>), 5,7,4′-trihydroxy-6,3′-dimiethoxyflavone (<b>FL-2</b>) and 7-methoxy catechin (<b>FL-3</b>), were isolated from methanolic extract of <i>S. edelbergii</i>. These constituents have never been obtained from this source. The structures of all the isolated constituents were elucidated by spectroscopic means. In conclusion, the EtOAc fraction and all other fractions of <i>S. edelbergii</i>, in general, displayed a significant role as antibacterial, free radical scavenger, anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents which may be due to the presence of these constituents and other flavonoids.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/12/3740<i>Scutellaria edelbergii</i> Rech. f.natural productsantimicrobialantioxidantanti-inflammatoryanalgesic assays |
| spellingShingle | Muddaser Shah Waheed Murad Najeeb Ur Rehman Sobia Ahsan Halim Manzoor Ahmed Hazir Rehman Muhammed Zahoor Sidra Mubin Ajmal Khan Mohamed A. Nassan Gaber El-Saber Batiha Ahmed Al-Harrasi Biomedical Applications of <i>Scutellaria edelbergii</i> Rech. f.: In Vitro and In Vivo Approach Molecules <i>Scutellaria edelbergii</i> Rech. f. natural products antimicrobial antioxidant anti-inflammatory analgesic assays |
| title | Biomedical Applications of <i>Scutellaria edelbergii</i> Rech. f.: In Vitro and In Vivo Approach |
| title_full | Biomedical Applications of <i>Scutellaria edelbergii</i> Rech. f.: In Vitro and In Vivo Approach |
| title_fullStr | Biomedical Applications of <i>Scutellaria edelbergii</i> Rech. f.: In Vitro and In Vivo Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biomedical Applications of <i>Scutellaria edelbergii</i> Rech. f.: In Vitro and In Vivo Approach |
| title_short | Biomedical Applications of <i>Scutellaria edelbergii</i> Rech. f.: In Vitro and In Vivo Approach |
| title_sort | biomedical applications of i scutellaria edelbergii i rech f in vitro and in vivo approach |
| topic | <i>Scutellaria edelbergii</i> Rech. f. natural products antimicrobial antioxidant anti-inflammatory analgesic assays |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/12/3740 |
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