Biocontrol of <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>, a Causal Agent of Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat, and Deoxynivalenol Accumulation: From <i>In Vitro</i> to <i>In Planta</i>
Crop diseases caused by <i>Fusarium</i> <i>graminearum</i> threaten crop production in both commercial and smallholder farming. <i>F. graminearum</i> produces deoxynivalenol mycotoxin, which is stable during food and feed processing. Therefore, the best way to pre...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/5/299 |
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| author | Asmaa Abbas Tapani Yli-Mattila |
| author_facet | Asmaa Abbas Tapani Yli-Mattila |
| author_sort | Asmaa Abbas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Crop diseases caused by <i>Fusarium</i> <i>graminearum</i> threaten crop production in both commercial and smallholder farming. <i>F. graminearum</i> produces deoxynivalenol mycotoxin, which is stable during food and feed processing. Therefore, the best way to prevent the sporulation of pathogens is to develop new prevention strategies. Plant-based pesticides, i.e., natural fungicides, have recently gained interest in crop protection as alternatives to synthetic fungicides. Herein we show that treatment with the methanolic extract of medicinal plant <i>Zanthoxylum bungeanum</i> (M20 extract), decreased <i>F. graminearum</i> growth and abrogated DON production. The <i>F. graminearum</i> DNA levels were monitored by a quantitative TaqMan real-time PCR, while DON accumulation was assessed by HPLC quantification. This M20 extract was mainly composed of four flavonoids: quercetin, epicatechin, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, and hyperoside. The <i>in vitro</i> bioassay, which measured the percent inhibition of fungal growth, showed that co-inoculation of four <i>F. graminearum</i> strains with the M20 extract inhibited the fungal growth up to 48.5%. After biocontrol treatments, <i>F. graminearum</i> DNA level was reduced up to 85.5% compared to that of wheat heads, which received <i>F. graminearum</i> mixture only. Moreover, DON production was decreased in wheat heads by 73% after biocontrol treatment; meanwhile in wheat heads inoculated with <i>F. graminearum</i> conidia, an average of 2.263 ± 0.8 mg/kg DON was detected. Overall, this study is a successful case from <i>in vitro</i> research to <i>in planta</i>, giving useful information for wheat protection against <i>F. graminearum</i> responsible for Fusarium Head Blight and DON accumulation in grains. Further studies are needed to study the mechanism by which M20 extract inhibited the DON production and what changes happened to the DON biosynthetic pathway genes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:42:10Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:42:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj.art-46df712a5fe44330b921f81d60f1e0272023-11-23T13:22:30ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512022-04-0114529910.3390/toxins14050299Biocontrol of <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>, a Causal Agent of Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat, and Deoxynivalenol Accumulation: From <i>In Vitro</i> to <i>In Planta</i>Asmaa Abbas0Tapani Yli-Mattila1Department of Life Technologies, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, FinlandDepartment of Life Technologies, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, FinlandCrop diseases caused by <i>Fusarium</i> <i>graminearum</i> threaten crop production in both commercial and smallholder farming. <i>F. graminearum</i> produces deoxynivalenol mycotoxin, which is stable during food and feed processing. Therefore, the best way to prevent the sporulation of pathogens is to develop new prevention strategies. Plant-based pesticides, i.e., natural fungicides, have recently gained interest in crop protection as alternatives to synthetic fungicides. Herein we show that treatment with the methanolic extract of medicinal plant <i>Zanthoxylum bungeanum</i> (M20 extract), decreased <i>F. graminearum</i> growth and abrogated DON production. The <i>F. graminearum</i> DNA levels were monitored by a quantitative TaqMan real-time PCR, while DON accumulation was assessed by HPLC quantification. This M20 extract was mainly composed of four flavonoids: quercetin, epicatechin, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, and hyperoside. The <i>in vitro</i> bioassay, which measured the percent inhibition of fungal growth, showed that co-inoculation of four <i>F. graminearum</i> strains with the M20 extract inhibited the fungal growth up to 48.5%. After biocontrol treatments, <i>F. graminearum</i> DNA level was reduced up to 85.5% compared to that of wheat heads, which received <i>F. graminearum</i> mixture only. Moreover, DON production was decreased in wheat heads by 73% after biocontrol treatment; meanwhile in wheat heads inoculated with <i>F. graminearum</i> conidia, an average of 2.263 ± 0.8 mg/kg DON was detected. Overall, this study is a successful case from <i>in vitro</i> research to <i>in planta</i>, giving useful information for wheat protection against <i>F. graminearum</i> responsible for Fusarium Head Blight and DON accumulation in grains. Further studies are needed to study the mechanism by which M20 extract inhibited the DON production and what changes happened to the DON biosynthetic pathway genes.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/5/299<i>in vitro</i> bioassay<i>Zanthoxylum bungeanum</i>wheat<i>Fusarium graminearum</i>mycotoxinbiocontrol |
| spellingShingle | Asmaa Abbas Tapani Yli-Mattila Biocontrol of <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>, a Causal Agent of Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat, and Deoxynivalenol Accumulation: From <i>In Vitro</i> to <i>In Planta</i> Toxins <i>in vitro</i> bioassay <i>Zanthoxylum bungeanum</i> wheat <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> mycotoxin biocontrol |
| title | Biocontrol of <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>, a Causal Agent of Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat, and Deoxynivalenol Accumulation: From <i>In Vitro</i> to <i>In Planta</i> |
| title_full | Biocontrol of <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>, a Causal Agent of Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat, and Deoxynivalenol Accumulation: From <i>In Vitro</i> to <i>In Planta</i> |
| title_fullStr | Biocontrol of <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>, a Causal Agent of Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat, and Deoxynivalenol Accumulation: From <i>In Vitro</i> to <i>In Planta</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biocontrol of <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>, a Causal Agent of Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat, and Deoxynivalenol Accumulation: From <i>In Vitro</i> to <i>In Planta</i> |
| title_short | Biocontrol of <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>, a Causal Agent of Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat, and Deoxynivalenol Accumulation: From <i>In Vitro</i> to <i>In Planta</i> |
| title_sort | biocontrol of i fusarium graminearum i a causal agent of fusarium head blight of wheat and deoxynivalenol accumulation from i in vitro i to i in planta i |
| topic | <i>in vitro</i> bioassay <i>Zanthoxylum bungeanum</i> wheat <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> mycotoxin biocontrol |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/5/299 |
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