Antibiofilm Efficacies of Flavonoid-Rich Sweet Orange Waste Extract against Dual-Species Biofilms
The current study evaluated the antibacterial properties of industrial sweet orange waste extracts (ISOWEs), which are a rich source of flavonoids. The ISOWEs exhibited antibacterial activity towards the dental cariogenic pathogens <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and <i>Lactobacillus c...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/5/657 |
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| author | Suvro Saha Thuy Do Joanne Maycock Simon Wood Christine Boesch |
| author_facet | Suvro Saha Thuy Do Joanne Maycock Simon Wood Christine Boesch |
| author_sort | Suvro Saha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The current study evaluated the antibacterial properties of industrial sweet orange waste extracts (ISOWEs), which are a rich source of flavonoids. The ISOWEs exhibited antibacterial activity towards the dental cariogenic pathogens <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and <i>Lactobacillus casei</i> with 13.0 ± 2.0 and 20.0 ± 2.0 mg/mL for MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and 37.7 ± 1.5 and 43.3 ± 2.1 mg/mL for MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration), respectively. When evaluated in a 7-day dual-species oral biofilm model, ISOWEs dose-dependently reduced the viable bacteria count, and demonstrated strong synergistic effects when combined with the anti-septic chlorhexidine (at 0.1 and 0.2%). Similarly, confocal microscopy confirmed the anti-cariogenic properties of ISOWEs, alone and in combination with chlorhexidine. The citrus flavonoids contributed differently to these effects, with the flavones (nobiletin, tangeretin and sinensetin) demonstrating significantly lower MICs and MBCs compared to the flavanones hesperidin and narirutin. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the potential of citrus waste as a currently underutilised source of flavonoids for antimicrobial applications, such as in dental health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:25:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-46e08a0ac2594cab8837b8c8d3dfa1a8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:25:19Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-46e08a0ac2594cab8837b8c8d3dfa1a82023-11-18T02:46:30ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172023-04-0112565710.3390/pathogens12050657Antibiofilm Efficacies of Flavonoid-Rich Sweet Orange Waste Extract against Dual-Species BiofilmsSuvro Saha0Thuy Do1Joanne Maycock2Simon Wood3Christine Boesch4School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UKSchool of Dentistry, Division of Oral Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9LU, UKSchool of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UKSchool of Dentistry, Division of Oral Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9LU, UKSchool of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UKThe current study evaluated the antibacterial properties of industrial sweet orange waste extracts (ISOWEs), which are a rich source of flavonoids. The ISOWEs exhibited antibacterial activity towards the dental cariogenic pathogens <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and <i>Lactobacillus casei</i> with 13.0 ± 2.0 and 20.0 ± 2.0 mg/mL for MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and 37.7 ± 1.5 and 43.3 ± 2.1 mg/mL for MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration), respectively. When evaluated in a 7-day dual-species oral biofilm model, ISOWEs dose-dependently reduced the viable bacteria count, and demonstrated strong synergistic effects when combined with the anti-septic chlorhexidine (at 0.1 and 0.2%). Similarly, confocal microscopy confirmed the anti-cariogenic properties of ISOWEs, alone and in combination with chlorhexidine. The citrus flavonoids contributed differently to these effects, with the flavones (nobiletin, tangeretin and sinensetin) demonstrating significantly lower MICs and MBCs compared to the flavanones hesperidin and narirutin. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the potential of citrus waste as a currently underutilised source of flavonoids for antimicrobial applications, such as in dental health.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/5/657citrus wastecitrus flavonoidsoral biofilmantimicrobialanticariogeniccaries |
| spellingShingle | Suvro Saha Thuy Do Joanne Maycock Simon Wood Christine Boesch Antibiofilm Efficacies of Flavonoid-Rich Sweet Orange Waste Extract against Dual-Species Biofilms Pathogens citrus waste citrus flavonoids oral biofilm antimicrobial anticariogenic caries |
| title | Antibiofilm Efficacies of Flavonoid-Rich Sweet Orange Waste Extract against Dual-Species Biofilms |
| title_full | Antibiofilm Efficacies of Flavonoid-Rich Sweet Orange Waste Extract against Dual-Species Biofilms |
| title_fullStr | Antibiofilm Efficacies of Flavonoid-Rich Sweet Orange Waste Extract against Dual-Species Biofilms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antibiofilm Efficacies of Flavonoid-Rich Sweet Orange Waste Extract against Dual-Species Biofilms |
| title_short | Antibiofilm Efficacies of Flavonoid-Rich Sweet Orange Waste Extract against Dual-Species Biofilms |
| title_sort | antibiofilm efficacies of flavonoid rich sweet orange waste extract against dual species biofilms |
| topic | citrus waste citrus flavonoids oral biofilm antimicrobial anticariogenic caries |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/5/657 |
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