Intranasal Borna Disease Virus (BoDV-1) Infection: Insights into Initial Steps and Potential Contagiosity
Mammalian Bornavirus (BoDV-1) typically causes a fatal neurologic disorder in horses and sheep, and was recently shown to cause fatal encephalitis in humans with and without transplant reception. It has been suggested that BoDV-1 enters the central nervous system (CNS) via the olfactory pathway. How...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2019-03-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/6/1318 |
| _version_ | 1811197656698978304 |
|---|---|
| author | Alexandra Kupke Sabrina Becker Konstantin Wewetzer Barbara Ahlemeyer Markus Eickmann Christiane Herden |
| author_facet | Alexandra Kupke Sabrina Becker Konstantin Wewetzer Barbara Ahlemeyer Markus Eickmann Christiane Herden |
| author_sort | Alexandra Kupke |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mammalian Bornavirus (BoDV-1) typically causes a fatal neurologic disorder in horses and sheep, and was recently shown to cause fatal encephalitis in humans with and without transplant reception. It has been suggested that BoDV-1 enters the central nervous system (CNS) via the olfactory pathway. However, (I) susceptible cell types that replicate the virus for successful spread, and (II) the role of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), remained unclear. To address this, we studied the intranasal infection of adult rats with BoDV-1 in vivo and in vitro, using olfactory mucosal (OM) cell cultures and the cultures of purified OECs. Strikingly, in vitro and in vivo, viral antigen and mRNA were present from four days post infection (dpi) onwards in the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), but also in all other cell types of the OM, and constantly in the OECs. In contrast, in vivo, BoDV-1 genomic RNA was only detectable in adult and juvenile ORNs, nerve fibers, and in OECs from 7 dpi on. In vitro, the rate of infection of OECs was significantly higher than that of the OM cells, pointing to a crucial role of OECs for infection via the olfactory pathway. Thus, this study provides important insights into the transmission of neurotropic viral infections with a zoonotic potential. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T01:17:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-46e83028d6f645fcac809a5ab29d5908 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T01:17:29Z |
| publishDate | 2019-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-46e83028d6f645fcac809a5ab29d59082022-12-22T03:53:53ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672019-03-01206131810.3390/ijms20061318ijms20061318Intranasal Borna Disease Virus (BoDV-1) Infection: Insights into Initial Steps and Potential ContagiosityAlexandra Kupke0Sabrina Becker1Konstantin Wewetzer2Barbara Ahlemeyer3Markus Eickmann4Christiane Herden5Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, GermanyInstitute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, GermanyInstitute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, GermanyInstitute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, 35385 Giessen, GermanyInstitute of Virology, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, GermanyInstitute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, GermanyMammalian Bornavirus (BoDV-1) typically causes a fatal neurologic disorder in horses and sheep, and was recently shown to cause fatal encephalitis in humans with and without transplant reception. It has been suggested that BoDV-1 enters the central nervous system (CNS) via the olfactory pathway. However, (I) susceptible cell types that replicate the virus for successful spread, and (II) the role of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), remained unclear. To address this, we studied the intranasal infection of adult rats with BoDV-1 in vivo and in vitro, using olfactory mucosal (OM) cell cultures and the cultures of purified OECs. Strikingly, in vitro and in vivo, viral antigen and mRNA were present from four days post infection (dpi) onwards in the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), but also in all other cell types of the OM, and constantly in the OECs. In contrast, in vivo, BoDV-1 genomic RNA was only detectable in adult and juvenile ORNs, nerve fibers, and in OECs from 7 dpi on. In vitro, the rate of infection of OECs was significantly higher than that of the OM cells, pointing to a crucial role of OECs for infection via the olfactory pathway. Thus, this study provides important insights into the transmission of neurotropic viral infections with a zoonotic potential.http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/6/1318borna disease virusinitial phaseolfactory epitheliumolfactory ensheathing cellsOECsin vivoin vitro |
| spellingShingle | Alexandra Kupke Sabrina Becker Konstantin Wewetzer Barbara Ahlemeyer Markus Eickmann Christiane Herden Intranasal Borna Disease Virus (BoDV-1) Infection: Insights into Initial Steps and Potential Contagiosity International Journal of Molecular Sciences borna disease virus initial phase olfactory epithelium olfactory ensheathing cells OECs in vivo in vitro |
| title | Intranasal Borna Disease Virus (BoDV-1) Infection: Insights into Initial Steps and Potential Contagiosity |
| title_full | Intranasal Borna Disease Virus (BoDV-1) Infection: Insights into Initial Steps and Potential Contagiosity |
| title_fullStr | Intranasal Borna Disease Virus (BoDV-1) Infection: Insights into Initial Steps and Potential Contagiosity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intranasal Borna Disease Virus (BoDV-1) Infection: Insights into Initial Steps and Potential Contagiosity |
| title_short | Intranasal Borna Disease Virus (BoDV-1) Infection: Insights into Initial Steps and Potential Contagiosity |
| title_sort | intranasal borna disease virus bodv 1 infection insights into initial steps and potential contagiosity |
| topic | borna disease virus initial phase olfactory epithelium olfactory ensheathing cells OECs in vivo in vitro |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/6/1318 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alexandrakupke intranasalbornadiseasevirusbodv1infectioninsightsintoinitialstepsandpotentialcontagiosity AT sabrinabecker intranasalbornadiseasevirusbodv1infectioninsightsintoinitialstepsandpotentialcontagiosity AT konstantinwewetzer intranasalbornadiseasevirusbodv1infectioninsightsintoinitialstepsandpotentialcontagiosity AT barbaraahlemeyer intranasalbornadiseasevirusbodv1infectioninsightsintoinitialstepsandpotentialcontagiosity AT markuseickmann intranasalbornadiseasevirusbodv1infectioninsightsintoinitialstepsandpotentialcontagiosity AT christianeherden intranasalbornadiseasevirusbodv1infectioninsightsintoinitialstepsandpotentialcontagiosity |