<i>Lemna minor</i> Cultivation for Treating Swine Manure and Providing Micronutrients for Animal Feed
The potential of <i>Lemna minor</i> to valorise agricultural wastewater into a protein-rich feed component to meet the growing demand for animal feed protein and reduce the excess of nutrients in certain European regions was investigated. Three pilot-scale systems were monitored for nine...
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/6/1124 |
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| author | Reindert Devlamynck Marcella Fernandes de Souza Jan Leenknegt Liesbeth Jacxsens Mia Eeckhout Erik Meers |
| author_facet | Reindert Devlamynck Marcella Fernandes de Souza Jan Leenknegt Liesbeth Jacxsens Mia Eeckhout Erik Meers |
| author_sort | Reindert Devlamynck |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The potential of <i>Lemna minor</i> to valorise agricultural wastewater into a protein-rich feed component to meet the growing demand for animal feed protein and reduce the excess of nutrients in certain European regions was investigated. Three pilot-scale systems were monitored for nine weeks under outdoor conditions in Flanders. The systems were fed with a mixture of the liquid fraction and the biological effluent of a swine manure treatment system diluted with rainwater in order that the weekly N and P addition was equal to the N and P removal by the system. The design tested the accumulation of elements in a continuous recirculation system. Potassium, Cl, S, Ca, and Mg were abundantly available in the swine manure wastewaters and tended to accumulate, being a possible cause of concern for long-operating recirculation systems. The harvested duckweed was characterised for its mineral composition and protein content. In animal husbandry, trace elements are specifically added to animal feed as micronutrients and, thus, feedstuffs biofortified with essential trace elements can provide added value. Duckweed grown on the tested mixture of swine manure waste streams could be considered as a source of Mn, Zn, and Fe for swine feed, while it is not a source of Cu for swine feed. Moreover, it was observed that As, Cd, and Pb content were below the limits of the feed Directive 2002/32/EC in the duckweed grown on the tested medium. Overall, these results demonstrate that duckweed can effectively remove nutrients from agriculture wastewaters in a recirculated system while producing a feed source with a protein content of 35% DM. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:48:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-47037da7d59540f5b37334699fdef501 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:48:39Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-47037da7d59540f5b37334699fdef5012023-11-21T22:23:29ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-06-01106112410.3390/plants10061124<i>Lemna minor</i> Cultivation for Treating Swine Manure and Providing Micronutrients for Animal FeedReindert Devlamynck0Marcella Fernandes de Souza1Jan Leenknegt2Liesbeth Jacxsens3Mia Eeckhout4Erik Meers5Provincial Research and Advice Centre for Agriculture and Horticulture (Inagro vzw), Ieperseweg 87, 8800 Roeselare, BelgiumDepartment of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumProvincial Research and Advice Centre for Agriculture and Horticulture (Inagro vzw), Ieperseweg 87, 8800 Roeselare, BelgiumDepartment of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumThe potential of <i>Lemna minor</i> to valorise agricultural wastewater into a protein-rich feed component to meet the growing demand for animal feed protein and reduce the excess of nutrients in certain European regions was investigated. Three pilot-scale systems were monitored for nine weeks under outdoor conditions in Flanders. The systems were fed with a mixture of the liquid fraction and the biological effluent of a swine manure treatment system diluted with rainwater in order that the weekly N and P addition was equal to the N and P removal by the system. The design tested the accumulation of elements in a continuous recirculation system. Potassium, Cl, S, Ca, and Mg were abundantly available in the swine manure wastewaters and tended to accumulate, being a possible cause of concern for long-operating recirculation systems. The harvested duckweed was characterised for its mineral composition and protein content. In animal husbandry, trace elements are specifically added to animal feed as micronutrients and, thus, feedstuffs biofortified with essential trace elements can provide added value. Duckweed grown on the tested mixture of swine manure waste streams could be considered as a source of Mn, Zn, and Fe for swine feed, while it is not a source of Cu for swine feed. Moreover, it was observed that As, Cd, and Pb content were below the limits of the feed Directive 2002/32/EC in the duckweed grown on the tested medium. Overall, these results demonstrate that duckweed can effectively remove nutrients from agriculture wastewaters in a recirculated system while producing a feed source with a protein content of 35% DM.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/6/1124Lemnaceaeremediationfeed safetymineral supplementsaccumulationagricultural wastewater |
| spellingShingle | Reindert Devlamynck Marcella Fernandes de Souza Jan Leenknegt Liesbeth Jacxsens Mia Eeckhout Erik Meers <i>Lemna minor</i> Cultivation for Treating Swine Manure and Providing Micronutrients for Animal Feed Plants Lemnaceae remediation feed safety mineral supplements accumulation agricultural wastewater |
| title | <i>Lemna minor</i> Cultivation for Treating Swine Manure and Providing Micronutrients for Animal Feed |
| title_full | <i>Lemna minor</i> Cultivation for Treating Swine Manure and Providing Micronutrients for Animal Feed |
| title_fullStr | <i>Lemna minor</i> Cultivation for Treating Swine Manure and Providing Micronutrients for Animal Feed |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Lemna minor</i> Cultivation for Treating Swine Manure and Providing Micronutrients for Animal Feed |
| title_short | <i>Lemna minor</i> Cultivation for Treating Swine Manure and Providing Micronutrients for Animal Feed |
| title_sort | i lemna minor i cultivation for treating swine manure and providing micronutrients for animal feed |
| topic | Lemnaceae remediation feed safety mineral supplements accumulation agricultural wastewater |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/6/1124 |
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