Microstructure formation mechanisms of spinodal Fe–Cu alloys fabricated using electron-beam powder bed fusion
We studied the microstructure formation mechanisms of spinodal Fe–10%Cu alloys (mass%) fabricated using electron-beam powder bed fusion with various scanning speeds. Cross-correlation electron backscattered diffraction analysis was utilized to investigate the crack initiation and propagation mechani...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785423013923 |
| _version_ | 1797745184402833408 |
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| author | Haejin Lee Minhyung Cho Minho Choi Yeonghwan Song Seung-Min Yang Hyung Giun Kim Kwangchoon Lee Byoungsoo Lee |
| author_facet | Haejin Lee Minhyung Cho Minho Choi Yeonghwan Song Seung-Min Yang Hyung Giun Kim Kwangchoon Lee Byoungsoo Lee |
| author_sort | Haejin Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We studied the microstructure formation mechanisms of spinodal Fe–10%Cu alloys (mass%) fabricated using electron-beam powder bed fusion with various scanning speeds. Cross-correlation electron backscattered diffraction analysis was utilized to investigate the crack initiation and propagation mechanisms related to dislocation density and residual stress in the as-built Fe–10%Cu alloys. The as-built alloys with low scanning speeds have equiaxed microstructures with coarse grains, including Cu particles. As the scanning speed increased, the grain size and Cu particle size decreased, and micro-cracks initiated at the edge of lack-of-fusion defects and then grew along the grain boundary parallel to the built direction (BD). In addition, coarse Fe3O4 particles formed on the boundary caused a decrease in thermal conductivity and tensile strength. A strong compressive residual stress parallel to the BD acts as a driving force for micro-crack propagation. The rapid cooling rate enhances local dislocation density, and lattice rotation also causes micro-crack growth, thereby deteriorating mechanical and thermal properties. Therefore, the scanning speeds should be controlled below 2000 mm/s for good strength and superior conductivity of the spinodal Fe–Cu alloy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T15:20:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4707496eb00947c9931a70d97025ea98 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T15:20:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-4707496eb00947c9931a70d97025ea982023-08-11T05:33:42ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542023-07-012524332445Microstructure formation mechanisms of spinodal Fe–Cu alloys fabricated using electron-beam powder bed fusionHaejin Lee0Minhyung Cho1Minho Choi2Yeonghwan Song3Seung-Min Yang4Hyung Giun Kim5Kwangchoon Lee6Byoungsoo Lee7Functional Materials and Components R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gangneung, 25440, Republic of KoreaFunctional Materials and Components R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gangneung, 25440, Republic of KoreaFunctional Materials and Components R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gangneung, 25440, Republic of KoreaFunctional Materials and Components R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gangneung, 25440, Republic of KoreaFunctional Materials and Components R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gangneung, 25440, Republic of KoreaFunctional Materials and Components R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gangneung, 25440, Republic of KoreaMTA Co. Ltd., Goesan, 28023, Republic of KoreaFunctional Materials and Components R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gangneung, 25440, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author. Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gangneung, 25440, Republic of Korea.We studied the microstructure formation mechanisms of spinodal Fe–10%Cu alloys (mass%) fabricated using electron-beam powder bed fusion with various scanning speeds. Cross-correlation electron backscattered diffraction analysis was utilized to investigate the crack initiation and propagation mechanisms related to dislocation density and residual stress in the as-built Fe–10%Cu alloys. The as-built alloys with low scanning speeds have equiaxed microstructures with coarse grains, including Cu particles. As the scanning speed increased, the grain size and Cu particle size decreased, and micro-cracks initiated at the edge of lack-of-fusion defects and then grew along the grain boundary parallel to the built direction (BD). In addition, coarse Fe3O4 particles formed on the boundary caused a decrease in thermal conductivity and tensile strength. A strong compressive residual stress parallel to the BD acts as a driving force for micro-crack propagation. The rapid cooling rate enhances local dislocation density, and lattice rotation also causes micro-crack growth, thereby deteriorating mechanical and thermal properties. Therefore, the scanning speeds should be controlled below 2000 mm/s for good strength and superior conductivity of the spinodal Fe–Cu alloy.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785423013923Fe–Cu alloysElectron-beam powder bed fusionCu particlesLack-of-fusionMicro-crackResidual stress |
| spellingShingle | Haejin Lee Minhyung Cho Minho Choi Yeonghwan Song Seung-Min Yang Hyung Giun Kim Kwangchoon Lee Byoungsoo Lee Microstructure formation mechanisms of spinodal Fe–Cu alloys fabricated using electron-beam powder bed fusion Journal of Materials Research and Technology Fe–Cu alloys Electron-beam powder bed fusion Cu particles Lack-of-fusion Micro-crack Residual stress |
| title | Microstructure formation mechanisms of spinodal Fe–Cu alloys fabricated using electron-beam powder bed fusion |
| title_full | Microstructure formation mechanisms of spinodal Fe–Cu alloys fabricated using electron-beam powder bed fusion |
| title_fullStr | Microstructure formation mechanisms of spinodal Fe–Cu alloys fabricated using electron-beam powder bed fusion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microstructure formation mechanisms of spinodal Fe–Cu alloys fabricated using electron-beam powder bed fusion |
| title_short | Microstructure formation mechanisms of spinodal Fe–Cu alloys fabricated using electron-beam powder bed fusion |
| title_sort | microstructure formation mechanisms of spinodal fe cu alloys fabricated using electron beam powder bed fusion |
| topic | Fe–Cu alloys Electron-beam powder bed fusion Cu particles Lack-of-fusion Micro-crack Residual stress |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785423013923 |
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