Echinoderm radial glia in adult cell renewal, indeterminate growth, and regeneration
Echinoderms are a phylum of marine deterostomes with a range of interesting biological features. One remarkable ability is their impressive capacity to regenerate most of their adult tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS). The research community has accumulated data that demonstrates th...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neural Circuits |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2023.1258370/full |
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| author | Vladimir Mashanov Soji Ademiluyi Denis Jacob Machado Robert Reid Daniel Janies |
| author_facet | Vladimir Mashanov Soji Ademiluyi Denis Jacob Machado Robert Reid Daniel Janies |
| author_sort | Vladimir Mashanov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Echinoderms are a phylum of marine deterostomes with a range of interesting biological features. One remarkable ability is their impressive capacity to regenerate most of their adult tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS). The research community has accumulated data that demonstrates that, in spite of the pentaradial adult body plan, echinoderms share deep similarities with their bilateral sister taxa such as hemichordates and chordates. Some of the new data reveal the complexity of the nervous system in echinoderms. In terms of the cellular architecture, one of the traits that is shared between the CNS of echinoderms and chordates is the presence of radial glia. In chordates, these cells act as the main progenitor population in CNS development. In mammals, radial glia are spent in embryogenesis and are no longer present in adults, being replaced with other neural cell types. In non-mammalian chordates, they are still detected in the mature CNS along with other types of glia. In echinoderms, radial glia also persist into the adulthood, but unlike in chordates, it is the only known glial cell type that is present in the fully developed CNS. The echinoderm radial glia is a multifunctional cell type. Radial glia forms the supporting scaffold of the neuroepithelium, exhibits secretory activity, clears up dying or damaged cells by phagocytosis, and, most importantly, acts as a major progenitor cell population. The latter function is critical for the outstanding developmental plasticity of the adult echinoderm CNS, including physiological cell turnover, indeterminate growth, and a remarkable capacity to regenerate major parts following autotomy or traumatic injury. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the organization and function of the echinoderm radial glia, with a focus on the role of this cell type in adult neurogenesis. |
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-47097a278e3042ed96996f55f48ad1b5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5110 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T21:05:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neural Circuits |
| spelling | doaj.art-47097a278e3042ed96996f55f48ad1b52023-09-29T13:46:23ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neural Circuits1662-51102023-09-011710.3389/fncir.2023.12583701258370Echinoderm radial glia in adult cell renewal, indeterminate growth, and regenerationVladimir Mashanov0Soji Ademiluyi1Denis Jacob Machado2Robert Reid3Daniel Janies4Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United StatesDepartment of Bioinformatics and Genomics, College of Computing and Informatics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United StatesDepartment of Bioinformatics and Genomics, College of Computing and Informatics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United StatesDepartment of Bioinformatics and Genomics, College of Computing and Informatics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United StatesDepartment of Bioinformatics and Genomics, College of Computing and Informatics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United StatesEchinoderms are a phylum of marine deterostomes with a range of interesting biological features. One remarkable ability is their impressive capacity to regenerate most of their adult tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS). The research community has accumulated data that demonstrates that, in spite of the pentaradial adult body plan, echinoderms share deep similarities with their bilateral sister taxa such as hemichordates and chordates. Some of the new data reveal the complexity of the nervous system in echinoderms. In terms of the cellular architecture, one of the traits that is shared between the CNS of echinoderms and chordates is the presence of radial glia. In chordates, these cells act as the main progenitor population in CNS development. In mammals, radial glia are spent in embryogenesis and are no longer present in adults, being replaced with other neural cell types. In non-mammalian chordates, they are still detected in the mature CNS along with other types of glia. In echinoderms, radial glia also persist into the adulthood, but unlike in chordates, it is the only known glial cell type that is present in the fully developed CNS. The echinoderm radial glia is a multifunctional cell type. Radial glia forms the supporting scaffold of the neuroepithelium, exhibits secretory activity, clears up dying or damaged cells by phagocytosis, and, most importantly, acts as a major progenitor cell population. The latter function is critical for the outstanding developmental plasticity of the adult echinoderm CNS, including physiological cell turnover, indeterminate growth, and a remarkable capacity to regenerate major parts following autotomy or traumatic injury. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the organization and function of the echinoderm radial glia, with a focus on the role of this cell type in adult neurogenesis.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2023.1258370/fullechinodermradial glianeurogenesisregenerationindeterminate growthMyc |
| spellingShingle | Vladimir Mashanov Soji Ademiluyi Denis Jacob Machado Robert Reid Daniel Janies Echinoderm radial glia in adult cell renewal, indeterminate growth, and regeneration Frontiers in Neural Circuits echinoderm radial glia neurogenesis regeneration indeterminate growth Myc |
| title | Echinoderm radial glia in adult cell renewal, indeterminate growth, and regeneration |
| title_full | Echinoderm radial glia in adult cell renewal, indeterminate growth, and regeneration |
| title_fullStr | Echinoderm radial glia in adult cell renewal, indeterminate growth, and regeneration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Echinoderm radial glia in adult cell renewal, indeterminate growth, and regeneration |
| title_short | Echinoderm radial glia in adult cell renewal, indeterminate growth, and regeneration |
| title_sort | echinoderm radial glia in adult cell renewal indeterminate growth and regeneration |
| topic | echinoderm radial glia neurogenesis regeneration indeterminate growth Myc |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2023.1258370/full |
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