| Gaia: | With this research, we aimed to determine the impact of grafting and rootstock seed treated with <i>Streptomyces griseus</i> (<i>MT210913)</i> (<i>S. griseus</i>) or shikimic acid (SA) at a 60 ppm concentration on tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) production grown under low-temperature conditions. Two open-field trials were performed during both winter seasons of 2020 and 2021 at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. A tomato cultivar (Peto 86) was used as a scion and two tomato phenotypes were employed as rootstocks (<i>Solanum cheesmaniae</i> L<i>. (line LA 524)</i> and GS hybrid), as well as self-grafted as a control. Effects of sub-optimal temperature on vegetative growth, yield, and fruit quality were tested. The results indicate that, under cold stress, rootstock seed priming, especially with <i>S. griseus</i>, enhanced plant growth, total yield, and fruit quality properties. GS hybrid rootstock was more effective than that of <i>S. cheesmaniae</i> rootstock in terms of mitigating the negative effect of cold stress. GS hybrid, inoculated with <i>S. griseus,</i> increased the total yield per plant by 10.5% and 5.7% in the first and second seasons, respectively. Higher levels of GA3 and mineral content were noticed in leaves that were grafted and treated with <i>S. griseus</i> compared to the control treatment. Additionally, the great enhancing effects of all anatomical features of tomato plants were recorded with GS hybrid rootstock, inoculated by <i>S. griseus</i>. These results prove that grafting on GS hybrid rootstock treated with <i>S. griseus</i> is a potential choice to alleviate the cold stress of commercial tomato varieties.
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