Marine viruses disperse bidirectionally along the natural water cycle
Abstract Marine viruses in seawater have frequently been studied, yet their dispersal from neuston ecosystems at the air-sea interface towards the atmosphere remains a knowledge gap. Here, we show that 6.2% of the studied virus population were shared between air-sea interface ecosystems and rainwate...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Nature Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42125-5 |
| _version_ | 1797557863573356544 |
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| author | Janina Rahlff Sarah P. Esser Julia Plewka Mara Elena Heinrichs André Soares Claudio Scarchilli Paolo Grigioni Heike Wex Helge-Ansgar Giebel Alexander J. Probst |
| author_facet | Janina Rahlff Sarah P. Esser Julia Plewka Mara Elena Heinrichs André Soares Claudio Scarchilli Paolo Grigioni Heike Wex Helge-Ansgar Giebel Alexander J. Probst |
| author_sort | Janina Rahlff |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Marine viruses in seawater have frequently been studied, yet their dispersal from neuston ecosystems at the air-sea interface towards the atmosphere remains a knowledge gap. Here, we show that 6.2% of the studied virus population were shared between air-sea interface ecosystems and rainwater. Virus enrichment in the 1-mm thin surface microlayer and sea foams happened selectively, and variant analysis proved virus transfer to aerosols collected at ~2 m height above sea level and rain. Viruses detected in rain and these aerosols showed a significantly higher percent G/C base content compared to marine viruses. CRISPR spacer matches of marine prokaryotes to foreign viruses from rainwater prove regular virus-host encounters at the air-sea interface. Our findings on aerosolization, adaptations, and dispersal support transmission of viruses along the natural water cycle. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:22:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-470e41cf5f5f47eab5c1232aaeed5d8d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2041-1723 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:22:19Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nature Communications |
| spelling | doaj.art-470e41cf5f5f47eab5c1232aaeed5d8d2023-11-20T10:17:42ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232023-10-0114111810.1038/s41467-023-42125-5Marine viruses disperse bidirectionally along the natural water cycleJanina Rahlff0Sarah P. Esser1Julia Plewka2Mara Elena Heinrichs3André Soares4Claudio Scarchilli5Paolo Grigioni6Heike Wex7Helge-Ansgar Giebel8Alexander J. Probst9Group for Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Department of Chemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology (EMB), University of Duisburg-EssenGroup for Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Department of Chemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology (EMB), University of Duisburg-EssenGroup for Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Department of Chemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology (EMB), University of Duisburg-EssenInstitute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of OldenburgGroup for Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Department of Chemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology (EMB), University of Duisburg-EssenItalian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA)Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA)Atmospheric Microphysics, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS)Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of OldenburgGroup for Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Department of Chemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology (EMB), University of Duisburg-EssenAbstract Marine viruses in seawater have frequently been studied, yet their dispersal from neuston ecosystems at the air-sea interface towards the atmosphere remains a knowledge gap. Here, we show that 6.2% of the studied virus population were shared between air-sea interface ecosystems and rainwater. Virus enrichment in the 1-mm thin surface microlayer and sea foams happened selectively, and variant analysis proved virus transfer to aerosols collected at ~2 m height above sea level and rain. Viruses detected in rain and these aerosols showed a significantly higher percent G/C base content compared to marine viruses. CRISPR spacer matches of marine prokaryotes to foreign viruses from rainwater prove regular virus-host encounters at the air-sea interface. Our findings on aerosolization, adaptations, and dispersal support transmission of viruses along the natural water cycle.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42125-5 |
| spellingShingle | Janina Rahlff Sarah P. Esser Julia Plewka Mara Elena Heinrichs André Soares Claudio Scarchilli Paolo Grigioni Heike Wex Helge-Ansgar Giebel Alexander J. Probst Marine viruses disperse bidirectionally along the natural water cycle Nature Communications |
| title | Marine viruses disperse bidirectionally along the natural water cycle |
| title_full | Marine viruses disperse bidirectionally along the natural water cycle |
| title_fullStr | Marine viruses disperse bidirectionally along the natural water cycle |
| title_full_unstemmed | Marine viruses disperse bidirectionally along the natural water cycle |
| title_short | Marine viruses disperse bidirectionally along the natural water cycle |
| title_sort | marine viruses disperse bidirectionally along the natural water cycle |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42125-5 |
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