Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Forming Limit Diagrams during Single Point Incremental Forming for Al/Cu Bimetallic Sheets
This article investigated the formability of aluminum/copper bimetal sheets during single-point incremental forming. First, the two-layer sheets were produced by the explosive welding process; then, the rolling process was performed with 50% strain on two-layer samples. Considering the importance of...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/14/2/214 |
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| author | Payam Tayebi Amir Reza Nasirin Habibolah Akbari Ramin Hashemi |
| author_facet | Payam Tayebi Amir Reza Nasirin Habibolah Akbari Ramin Hashemi |
| author_sort | Payam Tayebi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This article investigated the formability of aluminum/copper bimetal sheets during single-point incremental forming. First, the two-layer sheets were produced by the explosive welding process; then, the rolling process was performed with 50% strain on two-layer samples. Considering the importance of examining the mechanical and metallurgical properties on the formability of the two-layer samples, the mechanical properties were first examined, including the uniaxial tensile and micro-hardness tests. Then, metallurgical tests were performed, including scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) to investigate the fracture surface and penetration depth and an X-ray diffraction (XRD) test to check the secondary phase particles in the penetration zone of Al and Cu in five different annealing temperature conditions. Considering that the forming limit diagram (FLD) is dependent on the strain path, to study the effect of the strain path, the two-layer samples were formed by three geometries: pyramid, cone, and straight groove. Simulations of FLD by Abaqus software 6.14-4 with four different methods were studied: FLD<sub>CRT</sub>, effective strain rate (ESR), second derivation of thinning (SDT), and maximum strain rate (MSR). The results showed that the FLD<sub>CRT</sub> criterion provided a more accurate estimate of the necking time. In the following, the values of the thickness distribution were carried out by experimental and numerical methods, and the results between the methods were in good agreement. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:21:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-470f374ab6eb4490aa27f89be4def80a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:21:38Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-470f374ab6eb4490aa27f89be4def80a2024-02-23T15:27:23ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012024-02-0114221410.3390/met14020214Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Forming Limit Diagrams during Single Point Incremental Forming for Al/Cu Bimetallic SheetsPayam Tayebi0Amir Reza Nasirin1Habibolah Akbari2Ramin Hashemi3School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 1684613114, IranSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 1684613114, IranSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 1684613114, IranSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 1684613114, IranThis article investigated the formability of aluminum/copper bimetal sheets during single-point incremental forming. First, the two-layer sheets were produced by the explosive welding process; then, the rolling process was performed with 50% strain on two-layer samples. Considering the importance of examining the mechanical and metallurgical properties on the formability of the two-layer samples, the mechanical properties were first examined, including the uniaxial tensile and micro-hardness tests. Then, metallurgical tests were performed, including scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) to investigate the fracture surface and penetration depth and an X-ray diffraction (XRD) test to check the secondary phase particles in the penetration zone of Al and Cu in five different annealing temperature conditions. Considering that the forming limit diagram (FLD) is dependent on the strain path, to study the effect of the strain path, the two-layer samples were formed by three geometries: pyramid, cone, and straight groove. Simulations of FLD by Abaqus software 6.14-4 with four different methods were studied: FLD<sub>CRT</sub>, effective strain rate (ESR), second derivation of thinning (SDT), and maximum strain rate (MSR). The results showed that the FLD<sub>CRT</sub> criterion provided a more accurate estimate of the necking time. In the following, the values of the thickness distribution were carried out by experimental and numerical methods, and the results between the methods were in good agreement.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/14/2/214incremental sheet formingstrainsimulationforming limit diagram (FLD)explosive welding processrolling |
| spellingShingle | Payam Tayebi Amir Reza Nasirin Habibolah Akbari Ramin Hashemi Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Forming Limit Diagrams during Single Point Incremental Forming for Al/Cu Bimetallic Sheets Metals incremental sheet forming strain simulation forming limit diagram (FLD) explosive welding process rolling |
| title | Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Forming Limit Diagrams during Single Point Incremental Forming for Al/Cu Bimetallic Sheets |
| title_full | Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Forming Limit Diagrams during Single Point Incremental Forming for Al/Cu Bimetallic Sheets |
| title_fullStr | Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Forming Limit Diagrams during Single Point Incremental Forming for Al/Cu Bimetallic Sheets |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Forming Limit Diagrams during Single Point Incremental Forming for Al/Cu Bimetallic Sheets |
| title_short | Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Forming Limit Diagrams during Single Point Incremental Forming for Al/Cu Bimetallic Sheets |
| title_sort | experimental and numerical investigation of forming limit diagrams during single point incremental forming for al cu bimetallic sheets |
| topic | incremental sheet forming strain simulation forming limit diagram (FLD) explosive welding process rolling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/14/2/214 |
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