How Vegetation Spatially Alters the Response of Precipitation and Air Temperature? Evidence from Pakistan
Precipitation, air temperature and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data of 32 sites for a period of 1983 to till date in Pakistan were collected with the objective of studying the effects of vegetation on precipitation and air temperature in Pakistan. Spatial trends were assessed for N...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment |
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| Online Access: | http://asianjae.org/_common/do.php?a=current&b=11&bidx=2003&aidx=24356 |
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| author | Waqar Ahmad, Afed Ullah Khan Fayaz Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Farooq Ammar Ahmad Baig Liaqat Ali Shah Jehanzeb Khan |
| author_facet | Waqar Ahmad, Afed Ullah Khan Fayaz Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Farooq Ammar Ahmad Baig Liaqat Ali Shah Jehanzeb Khan |
| author_sort | Waqar Ahmad, Afed Ullah Khan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Precipitation, air temperature and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data of 32 sites for a period of 1983 to till date in Pakistan were collected with the objective of studying the effects of vegetation on precipitation and air temperature in Pakistan. Spatial trends were assessed for NDVI, precipitation and air temperature (maximum and minimum). Increasing trends were observed at 18, 20, 24 and 26 number of monitoring stations for NDVI, precipitation and maximum and minimum temperature respectively. The trends of NDVI were compared with the trends of precipitation and maximum and minimum temperature in hilly and urban areas. NDVI and precipitation showed parallel trends in hilly areas at 64% of the monitoring stations. Whereas, only 53% of the stations displayed parallel trends in urban areas. 71% of the stations showed opposite NDVI and maximum temperature trends and 79% of the stations showed opposite NDVI and minimum temperature trends in hilly areas. However, in urban areas only 47% and 41% of the stations showed opposite trends of NDVI and maximum temperature and NDVI and minimum temperature respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the effects of vegetation on precipitation and air temperature (maximum and minimum) in hilly and urban areas. The results showed that there exists positive relationship between NDVI and precipitation and negative relationship between NDVI and temperature (maximum and minimum) in most of the hilly areas. However, in urban areas, the positive relationship between NDVI and precipitation exists only in 47% of the stations and negative relationships between NDVI and maximum temperature and between NDVI and minimum temperature exist only in 47% and 41% of the stations respectively. Results of the current study suggest afforestation practices at country level to reduce climate change effects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T19:37:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-470fdb5fb99c49a18b4ddf29d15d0f6f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1976-6912 2287-1160 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T19:37:20Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment |
| spelling | doaj.art-470fdb5fb99c49a18b4ddf29d15d0f6f2023-08-02T04:03:18ZengSpringerAsian Journal of Atmospheric Environment1976-69122287-11602020-06-0114213314510.5572/ajae.2020.14.2.133How Vegetation Spatially Alters the Response of Precipitation and Air Temperature? Evidence from PakistanWaqar Ahmad, Afed Ullah Khan0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2742-0377Fayaz Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Farooq1Ammar Ahmad Baig2Liaqat Ali Shah3Jehanzeb Khan4National Institute of Urban Infrastructure Planning, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, 25000, PakistanDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar (Bannu Campus), 28100, Bannu, PakistanDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar (Bannu Campus), 28100, Bannu, PakistanDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar (Bannu Campus), 28100, Bannu, PakistanGovernment Post Graduate College Kohat, Higher Education Department Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, PakistanPrecipitation, air temperature and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data of 32 sites for a period of 1983 to till date in Pakistan were collected with the objective of studying the effects of vegetation on precipitation and air temperature in Pakistan. Spatial trends were assessed for NDVI, precipitation and air temperature (maximum and minimum). Increasing trends were observed at 18, 20, 24 and 26 number of monitoring stations for NDVI, precipitation and maximum and minimum temperature respectively. The trends of NDVI were compared with the trends of precipitation and maximum and minimum temperature in hilly and urban areas. NDVI and precipitation showed parallel trends in hilly areas at 64% of the monitoring stations. Whereas, only 53% of the stations displayed parallel trends in urban areas. 71% of the stations showed opposite NDVI and maximum temperature trends and 79% of the stations showed opposite NDVI and minimum temperature trends in hilly areas. However, in urban areas only 47% and 41% of the stations showed opposite trends of NDVI and maximum temperature and NDVI and minimum temperature respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the effects of vegetation on precipitation and air temperature (maximum and minimum) in hilly and urban areas. The results showed that there exists positive relationship between NDVI and precipitation and negative relationship between NDVI and temperature (maximum and minimum) in most of the hilly areas. However, in urban areas, the positive relationship between NDVI and precipitation exists only in 47% of the stations and negative relationships between NDVI and maximum temperature and between NDVI and minimum temperature exist only in 47% and 41% of the stations respectively. Results of the current study suggest afforestation practices at country level to reduce climate change effects.http://asianjae.org/_common/do.php?a=current&b=11&bidx=2003&aidx=24356climate changenormalized difference vegetation indexprecipitationtemperaturevegetation |
| spellingShingle | Waqar Ahmad, Afed Ullah Khan Fayaz Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Farooq Ammar Ahmad Baig Liaqat Ali Shah Jehanzeb Khan How Vegetation Spatially Alters the Response of Precipitation and Air Temperature? Evidence from Pakistan Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment climate change normalized difference vegetation index precipitation temperature vegetation |
| title | How Vegetation Spatially Alters the Response of Precipitation and Air Temperature? Evidence from Pakistan |
| title_full | How Vegetation Spatially Alters the Response of Precipitation and Air Temperature? Evidence from Pakistan |
| title_fullStr | How Vegetation Spatially Alters the Response of Precipitation and Air Temperature? Evidence from Pakistan |
| title_full_unstemmed | How Vegetation Spatially Alters the Response of Precipitation and Air Temperature? Evidence from Pakistan |
| title_short | How Vegetation Spatially Alters the Response of Precipitation and Air Temperature? Evidence from Pakistan |
| title_sort | how vegetation spatially alters the response of precipitation and air temperature evidence from pakistan |
| topic | climate change normalized difference vegetation index precipitation temperature vegetation |
| url | http://asianjae.org/_common/do.php?a=current&b=11&bidx=2003&aidx=24356 |
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