Effect of <i>CSN3</i> Gene Polymorphism on the Formation of Milk Gels Induced by Physical, Chemical, and Biotechnological Factors
During the last decade, research into genetic markers in the casein gene cluster has been actively introduced in cattle breeding programs. A special interest has been paid to the polymorphism of the <i>CSN3</i> gene, responsible for the expression of the k-casein, playing a key role in p...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/9/1767 |
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| author | Aleksandr G. Kruchinin Elena E. Illarionova Aram G. Galstyan Svetlana N. Turovskaya Alana V. Bigaeva Ekaterina I. Bolshakova Mariya N. Strizhko |
| author_facet | Aleksandr G. Kruchinin Elena E. Illarionova Aram G. Galstyan Svetlana N. Turovskaya Alana V. Bigaeva Ekaterina I. Bolshakova Mariya N. Strizhko |
| author_sort | Aleksandr G. Kruchinin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | During the last decade, research into genetic markers in the casein gene cluster has been actively introduced in cattle breeding programs. A special interest has been paid to the polymorphism of the <i>CSN3</i> gene, responsible for the expression of the k-casein, playing a key role in protein coagulation, interaction with whey proteins, stabilization, and aggregation of casein micelles. This paper aimed to determine the effect of <i>CSN3</i> genetic polymorphism on acid; rennet; acid–rennet; heat- and acid-induced as well as heat- and calcium-induced coagulation in skimmed milk; and protein-standardized milk systems (UF, NF, RO, VE). The influence of polymorphic variants of the <i>CSN3</i> gene on the coagulation ability of milk proteins was assessed by the particle size of casein micelles, protein retention factor in the clot, and coagulation ability (duration of induction period, mass coagulation period, dynamic viscosity in gel point). The correlation between <i>CSN3</i> gene polymorphism and protein coagulation was revealed. Milk systems obtained from <i>CSN3 BB</i> milk were found to have the shortest duration of coagulation, formation of better gel strength values, and increased yield compared to <i>CSN3 AA</i>. This study will improve the efficiency of milk processing and optimize the technology of dairy product production. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:19:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4716ce3ed47549e6acb357f87b1ea6ef |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:19:05Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-4716ce3ed47549e6acb357f87b1ea6ef2023-11-17T22:54:35ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582023-04-01129176710.3390/foods12091767Effect of <i>CSN3</i> Gene Polymorphism on the Formation of Milk Gels Induced by Physical, Chemical, and Biotechnological FactorsAleksandr G. Kruchinin0Elena E. Illarionova1Aram G. Galstyan2Svetlana N. Turovskaya3Alana V. Bigaeva4Ekaterina I. Bolshakova5Mariya N. Strizhko6All-Russian Dairy Research Institute, Lusinovskaya Str. 35 (Blok 7), 115093 Moscow, RussiaAll-Russian Dairy Research Institute, Lusinovskaya Str. 35 (Blok 7), 115093 Moscow, RussiaAll-Russian Dairy Research Institute, Lusinovskaya Str. 35 (Blok 7), 115093 Moscow, RussiaAll-Russian Dairy Research Institute, Lusinovskaya Str. 35 (Blok 7), 115093 Moscow, RussiaAll-Russian Dairy Research Institute, Lusinovskaya Str. 35 (Blok 7), 115093 Moscow, RussiaAll-Russian Dairy Research Institute, Lusinovskaya Str. 35 (Blok 7), 115093 Moscow, RussiaAll-Russian Dairy Research Institute, Lusinovskaya Str. 35 (Blok 7), 115093 Moscow, RussiaDuring the last decade, research into genetic markers in the casein gene cluster has been actively introduced in cattle breeding programs. A special interest has been paid to the polymorphism of the <i>CSN3</i> gene, responsible for the expression of the k-casein, playing a key role in protein coagulation, interaction with whey proteins, stabilization, and aggregation of casein micelles. This paper aimed to determine the effect of <i>CSN3</i> genetic polymorphism on acid; rennet; acid–rennet; heat- and acid-induced as well as heat- and calcium-induced coagulation in skimmed milk; and protein-standardized milk systems (UF, NF, RO, VE). The influence of polymorphic variants of the <i>CSN3</i> gene on the coagulation ability of milk proteins was assessed by the particle size of casein micelles, protein retention factor in the clot, and coagulation ability (duration of induction period, mass coagulation period, dynamic viscosity in gel point). The correlation between <i>CSN3</i> gene polymorphism and protein coagulation was revealed. Milk systems obtained from <i>CSN3 BB</i> milk were found to have the shortest duration of coagulation, formation of better gel strength values, and increased yield compared to <i>CSN3 AA</i>. This study will improve the efficiency of milk processing and optimize the technology of dairy product production.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/9/1767milk<i>CSN3</i>polymorphismconcentrationenzymescoagulation |
| spellingShingle | Aleksandr G. Kruchinin Elena E. Illarionova Aram G. Galstyan Svetlana N. Turovskaya Alana V. Bigaeva Ekaterina I. Bolshakova Mariya N. Strizhko Effect of <i>CSN3</i> Gene Polymorphism on the Formation of Milk Gels Induced by Physical, Chemical, and Biotechnological Factors Foods milk <i>CSN3</i> polymorphism concentration enzymes coagulation |
| title | Effect of <i>CSN3</i> Gene Polymorphism on the Formation of Milk Gels Induced by Physical, Chemical, and Biotechnological Factors |
| title_full | Effect of <i>CSN3</i> Gene Polymorphism on the Formation of Milk Gels Induced by Physical, Chemical, and Biotechnological Factors |
| title_fullStr | Effect of <i>CSN3</i> Gene Polymorphism on the Formation of Milk Gels Induced by Physical, Chemical, and Biotechnological Factors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of <i>CSN3</i> Gene Polymorphism on the Formation of Milk Gels Induced by Physical, Chemical, and Biotechnological Factors |
| title_short | Effect of <i>CSN3</i> Gene Polymorphism on the Formation of Milk Gels Induced by Physical, Chemical, and Biotechnological Factors |
| title_sort | effect of i csn3 i gene polymorphism on the formation of milk gels induced by physical chemical and biotechnological factors |
| topic | milk <i>CSN3</i> polymorphism concentration enzymes coagulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/9/1767 |
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