The Saturation Effect of Body Mass Index on Bone Mineral Density for People Over 50 Years Old: A Cross-Sectional Study of the US Population
Background: Previous studies had revealed that Body Mass Index (BMI) positively affected Bone Mineral Density (BMD). However, an excessively high BMI was detrimental to health, especially for the elderly. Moreover, it was elusive how much BMI was most beneficial for BMD in older adults to maintain.O...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.763677/full |
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| author | Ming Ma Ming Ma Ming Ma Zhiwei Feng Zhiwei Feng Xiaolong Liu Xiaolong Liu Gengxin Jia Gengxin Jia Bin Geng Bin Geng Yayi Xia Yayi Xia |
| author_facet | Ming Ma Ming Ma Ming Ma Zhiwei Feng Zhiwei Feng Xiaolong Liu Xiaolong Liu Gengxin Jia Gengxin Jia Bin Geng Bin Geng Yayi Xia Yayi Xia |
| author_sort | Ming Ma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Previous studies had revealed that Body Mass Index (BMI) positively affected Bone Mineral Density (BMD). However, an excessively high BMI was detrimental to health, especially for the elderly. Moreover, it was elusive how much BMI was most beneficial for BMD in older adults to maintain.Objective: To investigate whether there was a BMI saturation effect value that existed to maintain optimal BMD.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the datasets of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2006, 2007–2008, 2009–2010, 2013–2014, and 2017–2018. After adjusting for covariates, an analysis of the association between BMI and BMD in different femoral regions (Total femur, Femoral neck, Trochanter, Intertrochanter, and Ward's triangle) and lumbar spine regions (Total spine, L1, L2, L3, and L4) in the whole population was performed using the multivariate linear regression models, smoothing curve fitting, and saturation effects analysis models. Then, subgroup analyses were performed according to gender, age, and race.Results: A total of 10,910 participants (5,654 males and 5,256 females) over 50 years were enrolled in this population-based study. Multivariate linear regression analyses in the population older than 50 years showed that BMI was positively associated with femoral BMD and lumbar spine BMD (P < 0.001, respectively). Smoothing curve fitting showed that the relationship between BMI and BMD was not simply linear and that a saturation value existed. The saturation effect analysis showed that the BMI saturation value was 26.13 (kg/m2) in the total femur, 26.82 (kg/m2) in the total spine, and showed site-specificity in L1 (31.90 kg/m2) and L2 (30.89 kg/m2). The saturation values were consistent with the whole participants in males, while there was high variability in the females. BMI saturation values remained present in subgroup analyses by age and race, showing specificity in some age (60–70 years old) groups and in some races.Conclusions: Our study showed a saturation value association between BMI and BMD for people over 50 years old. Keeping the BMI in the slightly overweight value (around 26 kg/m2) might reduce other adverse effects while obtaining optimal BMD. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-47184447e1e94a04a7b44899fbe43ca12022-12-21T22:39:16ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2021-10-01810.3389/fnut.2021.763677763677The Saturation Effect of Body Mass Index on Bone Mineral Density for People Over 50 Years Old: A Cross-Sectional Study of the US PopulationMing Ma0Ming Ma1Ming Ma2Zhiwei Feng3Zhiwei Feng4Xiaolong Liu5Xiaolong Liu6Gengxin Jia7Gengxin Jia8Bin Geng9Bin Geng10Yayi Xia11Yayi Xia12The Second School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, ChinaOrthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, ChinaDepartment of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, ChinaThe Second School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, ChinaOrthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, ChinaThe Second School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, ChinaOrthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, ChinaThe Second School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, ChinaOrthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, ChinaOrthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, ChinaDepartment of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, ChinaOrthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, ChinaDepartment of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, ChinaBackground: Previous studies had revealed that Body Mass Index (BMI) positively affected Bone Mineral Density (BMD). However, an excessively high BMI was detrimental to health, especially for the elderly. Moreover, it was elusive how much BMI was most beneficial for BMD in older adults to maintain.Objective: To investigate whether there was a BMI saturation effect value that existed to maintain optimal BMD.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the datasets of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2006, 2007–2008, 2009–2010, 2013–2014, and 2017–2018. After adjusting for covariates, an analysis of the association between BMI and BMD in different femoral regions (Total femur, Femoral neck, Trochanter, Intertrochanter, and Ward's triangle) and lumbar spine regions (Total spine, L1, L2, L3, and L4) in the whole population was performed using the multivariate linear regression models, smoothing curve fitting, and saturation effects analysis models. Then, subgroup analyses were performed according to gender, age, and race.Results: A total of 10,910 participants (5,654 males and 5,256 females) over 50 years were enrolled in this population-based study. Multivariate linear regression analyses in the population older than 50 years showed that BMI was positively associated with femoral BMD and lumbar spine BMD (P < 0.001, respectively). Smoothing curve fitting showed that the relationship between BMI and BMD was not simply linear and that a saturation value existed. The saturation effect analysis showed that the BMI saturation value was 26.13 (kg/m2) in the total femur, 26.82 (kg/m2) in the total spine, and showed site-specificity in L1 (31.90 kg/m2) and L2 (30.89 kg/m2). The saturation values were consistent with the whole participants in males, while there was high variability in the females. BMI saturation values remained present in subgroup analyses by age and race, showing specificity in some age (60–70 years old) groups and in some races.Conclusions: Our study showed a saturation value association between BMI and BMD for people over 50 years old. Keeping the BMI in the slightly overweight value (around 26 kg/m2) might reduce other adverse effects while obtaining optimal BMD.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.763677/fullBody Mass IndexBone Mineral Densityfemurlumbar spineNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) |
| spellingShingle | Ming Ma Ming Ma Ming Ma Zhiwei Feng Zhiwei Feng Xiaolong Liu Xiaolong Liu Gengxin Jia Gengxin Jia Bin Geng Bin Geng Yayi Xia Yayi Xia The Saturation Effect of Body Mass Index on Bone Mineral Density for People Over 50 Years Old: A Cross-Sectional Study of the US Population Frontiers in Nutrition Body Mass Index Bone Mineral Density femur lumbar spine National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) |
| title | The Saturation Effect of Body Mass Index on Bone Mineral Density for People Over 50 Years Old: A Cross-Sectional Study of the US Population |
| title_full | The Saturation Effect of Body Mass Index on Bone Mineral Density for People Over 50 Years Old: A Cross-Sectional Study of the US Population |
| title_fullStr | The Saturation Effect of Body Mass Index on Bone Mineral Density for People Over 50 Years Old: A Cross-Sectional Study of the US Population |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Saturation Effect of Body Mass Index on Bone Mineral Density for People Over 50 Years Old: A Cross-Sectional Study of the US Population |
| title_short | The Saturation Effect of Body Mass Index on Bone Mineral Density for People Over 50 Years Old: A Cross-Sectional Study of the US Population |
| title_sort | saturation effect of body mass index on bone mineral density for people over 50 years old a cross sectional study of the us population |
| topic | Body Mass Index Bone Mineral Density femur lumbar spine National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.763677/full |
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