Non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 epidemic changed detection rates of other circulating respiratory pathogens in Japan
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has circulated worldwide and causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, infection control measures were taken, such as hand washing, mask wearing, and behavioral restrictions. However, it is not full...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2022-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8782330/?tool=EBI |
| _version_ | 1818954275949117440 |
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| author | Yuki Nagakubo Yosuke Hirotsu Makoto Maejima Masahiro Shibusawa Kazuhiro Hosaka Kenji Amemiya Hitomi Sueki Miyoko Hayakawa Hitoshi Mochizuki Toshiharu Tsutsui Yumiko Kakizaki Yoshihiro Miyashita Masao Omata |
| author_facet | Yuki Nagakubo Yosuke Hirotsu Makoto Maejima Masahiro Shibusawa Kazuhiro Hosaka Kenji Amemiya Hitomi Sueki Miyoko Hayakawa Hitoshi Mochizuki Toshiharu Tsutsui Yumiko Kakizaki Yoshihiro Miyashita Masao Omata |
| author_sort | Yuki Nagakubo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has circulated worldwide and causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, infection control measures were taken, such as hand washing, mask wearing, and behavioral restrictions. However, it is not fully clear how the effects of these non-pharmaceutical interventions changed the prevalence of other pathogens associated with respiratory infections. In this study, we collected 3,508 nasopharyngeal swab samples from 3,249 patients who visited the Yamanashi Central Hospital in Japan from March 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021. We performed multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the FilmArray Respiratory Panel and singleplex quantitative reverse transcription PCR targeting SARS-CoV-2 to detect respiratory disease-associated pathogens. At least one pathogen was detected in 246 (7.0%) of the 3,508 samples. Eleven types of pathogens were detected in the samples collected from March–May 2020, during which non-pharmaceutical interventions were not well implemented. In contrast, after non-pharmaceutical interventions were thoroughly implemented, only five types of pathogens were detected, and the majority were SARS-CoV-2, adenoviruses, or human rhinoviruses / enteroviruses. The 0–9 year age group had a higher prevalence of infection with adenoviruses and human rhinoviruses / enteroviruses compared with those 10 years and older, while those 10 years and older had a higher prevalence of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens. These results indicated that non-pharmaceutical interventions likely reduced the diversity of circulating pathogens. Moreover, differences in the prevalence of pathogens were observed among the different age groups. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T10:19:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-471c15f622c245eba34650692241eac2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T10:19:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-471c15f622c245eba34650692241eac22022-12-21T19:43:57ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032022-01-01171Non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 epidemic changed detection rates of other circulating respiratory pathogens in JapanYuki NagakuboYosuke HirotsuMakoto MaejimaMasahiro ShibusawaKazuhiro HosakaKenji AmemiyaHitomi SuekiMiyoko HayakawaHitoshi MochizukiToshiharu TsutsuiYumiko KakizakiYoshihiro MiyashitaMasao OmataSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has circulated worldwide and causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, infection control measures were taken, such as hand washing, mask wearing, and behavioral restrictions. However, it is not fully clear how the effects of these non-pharmaceutical interventions changed the prevalence of other pathogens associated with respiratory infections. In this study, we collected 3,508 nasopharyngeal swab samples from 3,249 patients who visited the Yamanashi Central Hospital in Japan from March 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021. We performed multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the FilmArray Respiratory Panel and singleplex quantitative reverse transcription PCR targeting SARS-CoV-2 to detect respiratory disease-associated pathogens. At least one pathogen was detected in 246 (7.0%) of the 3,508 samples. Eleven types of pathogens were detected in the samples collected from March–May 2020, during which non-pharmaceutical interventions were not well implemented. In contrast, after non-pharmaceutical interventions were thoroughly implemented, only five types of pathogens were detected, and the majority were SARS-CoV-2, adenoviruses, or human rhinoviruses / enteroviruses. The 0–9 year age group had a higher prevalence of infection with adenoviruses and human rhinoviruses / enteroviruses compared with those 10 years and older, while those 10 years and older had a higher prevalence of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens. These results indicated that non-pharmaceutical interventions likely reduced the diversity of circulating pathogens. Moreover, differences in the prevalence of pathogens were observed among the different age groups.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8782330/?tool=EBI |
| spellingShingle | Yuki Nagakubo Yosuke Hirotsu Makoto Maejima Masahiro Shibusawa Kazuhiro Hosaka Kenji Amemiya Hitomi Sueki Miyoko Hayakawa Hitoshi Mochizuki Toshiharu Tsutsui Yumiko Kakizaki Yoshihiro Miyashita Masao Omata Non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 epidemic changed detection rates of other circulating respiratory pathogens in Japan PLoS ONE |
| title | Non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 epidemic changed detection rates of other circulating respiratory pathogens in Japan |
| title_full | Non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 epidemic changed detection rates of other circulating respiratory pathogens in Japan |
| title_fullStr | Non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 epidemic changed detection rates of other circulating respiratory pathogens in Japan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 epidemic changed detection rates of other circulating respiratory pathogens in Japan |
| title_short | Non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 epidemic changed detection rates of other circulating respiratory pathogens in Japan |
| title_sort | non pharmaceutical interventions during the covid 19 epidemic changed detection rates of other circulating respiratory pathogens in japan |
| url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8782330/?tool=EBI |
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