Cross-neutralization and viral fitness of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages
ABSTRACTThe rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages mandates a better understanding of viral replication and cross-neutralization among these sublineages. Here we used K18-hACE2 mice and primary human airway cultures to examine the viral fitness and antigenic relationship among Omicron sub...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2022.2161422 |
| _version_ | 1797652790654271488 |
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| author | Hongjie Xia Jason Yeung Birte Kalveram Cody J. Bills John Yun-Chung Chen Chaitanya Kurhade Jing Zou Steven G. Widen Brian R. Mann Rebecca Kondor C. Todd Davis Bin Zhou David E. Wentworth Xuping Xie Pei-Yong Shi |
| author_facet | Hongjie Xia Jason Yeung Birte Kalveram Cody J. Bills John Yun-Chung Chen Chaitanya Kurhade Jing Zou Steven G. Widen Brian R. Mann Rebecca Kondor C. Todd Davis Bin Zhou David E. Wentworth Xuping Xie Pei-Yong Shi |
| author_sort | Hongjie Xia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACTThe rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages mandates a better understanding of viral replication and cross-neutralization among these sublineages. Here we used K18-hACE2 mice and primary human airway cultures to examine the viral fitness and antigenic relationship among Omicron sublineages. In both K18-hACE2 mice and human airway cultures, Omicron sublineages exhibited a replication order of BA.5 ≥ BA.2 ≥ BA.2.12.1 > BA.1; no difference in body weight loss was observed among different sublineage-infected mice. The BA.1-, BA.2-, BA.2.12.1-, and BA.5-infected mice developed distinguishable cross-neutralizations against Omicron sublineages, but exhibited little neutralization against the index virus (i.e. USA-WA1/2020) or the Delta variant. Surprisingly, the BA.5-infected mice developed higher neutralization activity against heterologous BA.2 and BA.2.12.1 than that against homologous BA.5; serum neutralizing titres did not always correlate with viral replication levels in infected animals. Our results revealed a distinct antigenic cartography of Omicron sublineages and support the bivalent vaccine approach. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T16:35:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-47204c3dfe2f402294bba8cbafe7c13a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2222-1751 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T16:35:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
| spelling | doaj.art-47204c3dfe2f402294bba8cbafe7c13a2023-10-23T17:36:56ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEmerging Microbes and Infections2222-17512023-12-0112110.1080/22221751.2022.2161422Cross-neutralization and viral fitness of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineagesHongjie Xia0Jason Yeung1Birte Kalveram2Cody J. Bills3John Yun-Chung Chen4Chaitanya Kurhade5Jing Zou6Steven G. Widen7Brian R. Mann8Rebecca Kondor9C. Todd Davis10Bin Zhou11David E. Wentworth12Xuping Xie13Pei-Yong Shi14Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USAInfluenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USAInfluenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USAInfluenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USAInfluenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USAInfluenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USAABSTRACTThe rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages mandates a better understanding of viral replication and cross-neutralization among these sublineages. Here we used K18-hACE2 mice and primary human airway cultures to examine the viral fitness and antigenic relationship among Omicron sublineages. In both K18-hACE2 mice and human airway cultures, Omicron sublineages exhibited a replication order of BA.5 ≥ BA.2 ≥ BA.2.12.1 > BA.1; no difference in body weight loss was observed among different sublineage-infected mice. The BA.1-, BA.2-, BA.2.12.1-, and BA.5-infected mice developed distinguishable cross-neutralizations against Omicron sublineages, but exhibited little neutralization against the index virus (i.e. USA-WA1/2020) or the Delta variant. Surprisingly, the BA.5-infected mice developed higher neutralization activity against heterologous BA.2 and BA.2.12.1 than that against homologous BA.5; serum neutralizing titres did not always correlate with viral replication levels in infected animals. Our results revealed a distinct antigenic cartography of Omicron sublineages and support the bivalent vaccine approach.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2022.2161422SARS-CoV-2variantsneutralizationantigenicityviral fitness |
| spellingShingle | Hongjie Xia Jason Yeung Birte Kalveram Cody J. Bills John Yun-Chung Chen Chaitanya Kurhade Jing Zou Steven G. Widen Brian R. Mann Rebecca Kondor C. Todd Davis Bin Zhou David E. Wentworth Xuping Xie Pei-Yong Shi Cross-neutralization and viral fitness of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages Emerging Microbes and Infections SARS-CoV-2 variants neutralization antigenicity viral fitness |
| title | Cross-neutralization and viral fitness of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages |
| title_full | Cross-neutralization and viral fitness of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages |
| title_fullStr | Cross-neutralization and viral fitness of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cross-neutralization and viral fitness of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages |
| title_short | Cross-neutralization and viral fitness of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages |
| title_sort | cross neutralization and viral fitness of sars cov 2 omicron sublineages |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 variants neutralization antigenicity viral fitness |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2022.2161422 |
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