| Summary: | <em>Bambusa textilis</em> McClure is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant belonging to the Bambusoideae subfamily and used to treat chronic fever and infectious diseases. To investigate the bioactive compounds absorbed in the rabbit blood after oral administration of hot-<em>water extract</em><em>s from </em><em>the leaves of </em><em>B. textilis</em> McClure, a validated chromatographic fingerprint method was established using LC-Q-TOF-MS. Twenty compounds in bamboo leaves and three potential bioactive compounds in rabbit plasma were detected. Of the twenty detected compounds <em>in vitro</em>, fifteen of which were tentatively identified either by comparing the retention time and mass spectrometry data with that of reference compounds or by reviewing the literature. Three potential bioactive compounds, including (<em>E</em>)-<em>p</em>-coumaric acid, (<em>Z</em>)-<em>p</em>-coumaric acid, and apigenin-8-<em>C</em>-β-D-(2"-<em>O</em>-α-L-rhamnosyl)-gluco-pyranoside, were detected in both <em>the leaves of </em><em>B. textilis </em>McClure and rabbit plasma. Of the three compounds, apigenin-8-<em>C</em>-β-D-(2"-<em>O</em>-α-L-rhamnosyl)glucopyranoside was identified based on its UV, MS, and NMR spectra. This study provides helpful chemical information for further pharmacology and active mechanism research on <em>B. textilis</em> McClure.
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