Melanocortin 1 Receptor: Structure, Function and Regulation
The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is a melanocytic Gs protein coupled receptor that regulates skin pigmentation, UV responses, and melanoma risk. It is a highly polymorphic gene, and loss of function correlates with a fair, UV-sensitive, and melanoma-prone phenotype due to defective epidermal mela...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2016-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Genetics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fgene.2016.00095/full |
| _version_ | 1811277443436118016 |
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| author | Erin Marissa Wolf Horrell Mary Catherine Boulanger John August D'orazio |
| author_facet | Erin Marissa Wolf Horrell Mary Catherine Boulanger John August D'orazio |
| author_sort | Erin Marissa Wolf Horrell |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is a melanocytic Gs protein coupled receptor that regulates skin pigmentation, UV responses, and melanoma risk. It is a highly polymorphic gene, and loss of function correlates with a fair, UV-sensitive, and melanoma-prone phenotype due to defective epidermal melanization and sub-optimal DNA repair. MC1R signaling, achieved through adenylyl cyclase activation and generation of the second messenger cAMP, is hormonally controlled by the positive agonist melanocortin, the negative agonist agouti signaling protein, and the neutral antagonist β-defensin 3. Activation of cAMP signaling up-regulates melanin production and deposition in the epidermis which functions to limit UV penetration into the skin and enhances nucleotide excision repair, the genomic stability pathway responsible for clearing UV photolesions from DNA to avoid mutagenesis. Herein we review MC1R structure and function and summarize our laboratory’s findings on the molecular mechanisms by which MC1R signaling impacts nucleotide excision repair. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T00:16:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-473041edeb3d48b7a234a07932bb0043 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-8021 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T00:16:45Z |
| publishDate | 2016-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Genetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-473041edeb3d48b7a234a07932bb00432022-12-22T03:10:55ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Genetics1664-80212016-05-01710.3389/fgene.2016.00095187214Melanocortin 1 Receptor: Structure, Function and RegulationErin Marissa Wolf Horrell0Mary Catherine Boulanger1John August D'orazio2University of Kentucky College of MedicineUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineThe melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is a melanocytic Gs protein coupled receptor that regulates skin pigmentation, UV responses, and melanoma risk. It is a highly polymorphic gene, and loss of function correlates with a fair, UV-sensitive, and melanoma-prone phenotype due to defective epidermal melanization and sub-optimal DNA repair. MC1R signaling, achieved through adenylyl cyclase activation and generation of the second messenger cAMP, is hormonally controlled by the positive agonist melanocortin, the negative agonist agouti signaling protein, and the neutral antagonist β-defensin 3. Activation of cAMP signaling up-regulates melanin production and deposition in the epidermis which functions to limit UV penetration into the skin and enhances nucleotide excision repair, the genomic stability pathway responsible for clearing UV photolesions from DNA to avoid mutagenesis. Herein we review MC1R structure and function and summarize our laboratory’s findings on the molecular mechanisms by which MC1R signaling impacts nucleotide excision repair.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fgene.2016.00095/fullDNA RepairMelanocytesmelanocortinUVmelaninmelanocortin receptor |
| spellingShingle | Erin Marissa Wolf Horrell Mary Catherine Boulanger John August D'orazio Melanocortin 1 Receptor: Structure, Function and Regulation Frontiers in Genetics DNA Repair Melanocytes melanocortin UV melanin melanocortin receptor |
| title | Melanocortin 1 Receptor: Structure, Function and Regulation |
| title_full | Melanocortin 1 Receptor: Structure, Function and Regulation |
| title_fullStr | Melanocortin 1 Receptor: Structure, Function and Regulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Melanocortin 1 Receptor: Structure, Function and Regulation |
| title_short | Melanocortin 1 Receptor: Structure, Function and Regulation |
| title_sort | melanocortin 1 receptor structure function and regulation |
| topic | DNA Repair Melanocytes melanocortin UV melanin melanocortin receptor |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fgene.2016.00095/full |
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