Robust oblique Target-rotation for small samples
IntroductionOblique Target-rotation in the context of exploratory factor analysis is a relevant method for the investigation of the oblique simple structure. It was argued that minimizing single cross-loadings by means of target rotation may lead to large effects of sampling error on the target rota...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1285212/full |
| _version_ | 1797450833148772352 |
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| author | André Beauducel Norbert Hilger |
| author_facet | André Beauducel Norbert Hilger |
| author_sort | André Beauducel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionOblique Target-rotation in the context of exploratory factor analysis is a relevant method for the investigation of the oblique simple structure. It was argued that minimizing single cross-loadings by means of target rotation may lead to large effects of sampling error on the target rotated factor solutions.MethodIn order to minimize effects of sampling error on results of Target-rotation we propose to compute the mean cross-loadings for each block of salient loadings of the independent clusters model and to perform Target-rotation for the block-wise mean cross-loadings. The resulting transformation-matrix is than applied to the complete unrotated loading matrix in order to produce mean Target-rotated factors.ResultsA simulation study based on correlated independent clusters model and zero-mean cross-loading models revealed that mean oblique Target-rotation resulted in smaller bias of factor inter-correlations than conventional Target-rotation based on single loadings, especially when sample size was small and when the number of factors was large. An empirical example revealed that the similarity of Target-rotated factors computed for small subsamples with Target-rotated factors of the total sample was more pronounced for mean Target-rotation than for conventional Target-rotation.DiscussionMean Target-rotation can be recommended in the context of oblique factor models based on simple structure, especially for small samples. An R-script and an SPSS-script for this form of Target-rotation are provided in the Supplementary Material. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:46:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-47334213e52b42fca5c90521817c62da |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-1078 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:46:18Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychology |
| spelling | doaj.art-47334213e52b42fca5c90521817c62da2023-11-27T04:34:16ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782023-11-011410.3389/fpsyg.2023.12852121285212Robust oblique Target-rotation for small samplesAndré BeauducelNorbert HilgerIntroductionOblique Target-rotation in the context of exploratory factor analysis is a relevant method for the investigation of the oblique simple structure. It was argued that minimizing single cross-loadings by means of target rotation may lead to large effects of sampling error on the target rotated factor solutions.MethodIn order to minimize effects of sampling error on results of Target-rotation we propose to compute the mean cross-loadings for each block of salient loadings of the independent clusters model and to perform Target-rotation for the block-wise mean cross-loadings. The resulting transformation-matrix is than applied to the complete unrotated loading matrix in order to produce mean Target-rotated factors.ResultsA simulation study based on correlated independent clusters model and zero-mean cross-loading models revealed that mean oblique Target-rotation resulted in smaller bias of factor inter-correlations than conventional Target-rotation based on single loadings, especially when sample size was small and when the number of factors was large. An empirical example revealed that the similarity of Target-rotated factors computed for small subsamples with Target-rotated factors of the total sample was more pronounced for mean Target-rotation than for conventional Target-rotation.DiscussionMean Target-rotation can be recommended in the context of oblique factor models based on simple structure, especially for small samples. An R-script and an SPSS-script for this form of Target-rotation are provided in the Supplementary Material.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1285212/fullexploratory factor analysisfactor-rotationindependent clusters modelfactor inter-correlationTarget-rotation |
| spellingShingle | André Beauducel Norbert Hilger Robust oblique Target-rotation for small samples Frontiers in Psychology exploratory factor analysis factor-rotation independent clusters model factor inter-correlation Target-rotation |
| title | Robust oblique Target-rotation for small samples |
| title_full | Robust oblique Target-rotation for small samples |
| title_fullStr | Robust oblique Target-rotation for small samples |
| title_full_unstemmed | Robust oblique Target-rotation for small samples |
| title_short | Robust oblique Target-rotation for small samples |
| title_sort | robust oblique target rotation for small samples |
| topic | exploratory factor analysis factor-rotation independent clusters model factor inter-correlation Target-rotation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1285212/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT andrebeauducel robustobliquetargetrotationforsmallsamples AT norberthilger robustobliquetargetrotationforsmallsamples |