The Importance of Reporting Energy Values of Human Milk as Metabolizable Energy
Nutrition science has a convention to report metabolizable energy instead of gross energy. Metabolizable energy at 4 kilocalories per gram for protein and carbohydrate, 9 kcal per gram for fat (kilojoules: 17 and 37, respectively) represents the food energy available for metabolism. However, this co...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.655026/full |
| _version_ | 1819143100070625280 |
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| author | Tanis R. Fenton Tanis R. Fenton Seham Elmrayed |
| author_facet | Tanis R. Fenton Tanis R. Fenton Seham Elmrayed |
| author_sort | Tanis R. Fenton |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nutrition science has a convention to report metabolizable energy instead of gross energy. Metabolizable energy at 4 kilocalories per gram for protein and carbohydrate, 9 kcal per gram for fat (kilojoules: 17 and 37, respectively) represents the food energy available for metabolism. However, this convention to use metabolizable energy has not been uniformly applied to human milk. Human milk is often reported as gross energy, which is about 5–10% higher than metabolizable energy. To obtain accurate human milk energy estimates, milk samples need to contain the same proportion of high fat hind milk that an infant obtains. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T12:20:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4734ab3351954a9a8a950f551badf357 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T12:20:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-4734ab3351954a9a8a950f551badf3572022-12-21T18:25:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2021-07-01810.3389/fnut.2021.655026655026The Importance of Reporting Energy Values of Human Milk as Metabolizable EnergyTanis R. Fenton0Tanis R. Fenton1Seham Elmrayed2Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, O'Brien Institute of Public Health, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CanadaNutrition Services, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, CanadaCommunity Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, O'Brien Institute of Public Health, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CanadaNutrition science has a convention to report metabolizable energy instead of gross energy. Metabolizable energy at 4 kilocalories per gram for protein and carbohydrate, 9 kcal per gram for fat (kilojoules: 17 and 37, respectively) represents the food energy available for metabolism. However, this convention to use metabolizable energy has not been uniformly applied to human milk. Human milk is often reported as gross energy, which is about 5–10% higher than metabolizable energy. To obtain accurate human milk energy estimates, milk samples need to contain the same proportion of high fat hind milk that an infant obtains.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.655026/fullhuman milkbreast milkcaloriesenergyenergy metabolismcalorimetry |
| spellingShingle | Tanis R. Fenton Tanis R. Fenton Seham Elmrayed The Importance of Reporting Energy Values of Human Milk as Metabolizable Energy Frontiers in Nutrition human milk breast milk calories energy energy metabolism calorimetry |
| title | The Importance of Reporting Energy Values of Human Milk as Metabolizable Energy |
| title_full | The Importance of Reporting Energy Values of Human Milk as Metabolizable Energy |
| title_fullStr | The Importance of Reporting Energy Values of Human Milk as Metabolizable Energy |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Importance of Reporting Energy Values of Human Milk as Metabolizable Energy |
| title_short | The Importance of Reporting Energy Values of Human Milk as Metabolizable Energy |
| title_sort | importance of reporting energy values of human milk as metabolizable energy |
| topic | human milk breast milk calories energy energy metabolism calorimetry |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.655026/full |
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