Continuous Production of DHA and EPA Ethyl Esters via Lipase-Catalyzed Transesterification in an Ultrasonic Packed-Bed Bioreactor
Ethyl esters of omega-3 fatty acids are active pharmaceutical ingredients used for the reduction in triglycerides in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Herein, an ultrasonic packed-bed bioreactor was developed for continuous production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ethy...
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Catalysts |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/12/4/404 |
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| author | Chia-Hung Kuo Mei-Ling Tsai Hui-Min David Wang Yung-Chuan Liu Chienyan Hsieh Yung-Hsiang Tsai Cheng-Di Dong Chun-Yung Huang Chwen-Jen Shieh |
| author_facet | Chia-Hung Kuo Mei-Ling Tsai Hui-Min David Wang Yung-Chuan Liu Chienyan Hsieh Yung-Hsiang Tsai Cheng-Di Dong Chun-Yung Huang Chwen-Jen Shieh |
| author_sort | Chia-Hung Kuo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ethyl esters of omega-3 fatty acids are active pharmaceutical ingredients used for the reduction in triglycerides in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Herein, an ultrasonic packed-bed bioreactor was developed for continuous production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ethyl esters from DHA+EPA concentrate and ethyl acetate (EA) using an immobilized lipase, Novozym<sup>®</sup> 435, as a biocatalyst. A three-level–two-factor central composite design combined with a response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to evaluate the packed-bed bioreactor with or without ultrasonication on the conversion of DHA + EPA ethyl ester. The highest conversion of 99% was achieved with ultrasonication at the condition of 1 mL min<sup>−1</sup> flow rate and 100 mM DHA + EPA concentration. Our results also showed that the ultrasonic packed-bed bioreactor has a higher external mass transfer coefficient and a lower external substrate concentration on the surface of the immobilized enzyme. The effect of ultrasound was also demonstrated by a kinetic model in the batch reaction that the specificity constant (<i>V′max</i>/<i>K</i><sub>2</sub>) in the ultrasonic bath was 8.9 times higher than that of the shaking bath, indicating the ultrasonication increased the affinity between enzymes and substrates and, therefore, increasing reaction rate. An experiment performed under the highest conversion conditions showed that the enzyme in the bioreactor remained stable at least for 5 days and maintained a 98% conversion. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:02:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-473ca8f4470a48abb87f438a6475de8d |
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| issn | 2073-4344 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:02:03Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
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| series | Catalysts |
| spelling | doaj.art-473ca8f4470a48abb87f438a6475de8d2023-12-01T01:11:14ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442022-04-0112440410.3390/catal12040404Continuous Production of DHA and EPA Ethyl Esters via Lipase-Catalyzed Transesterification in an Ultrasonic Packed-Bed BioreactorChia-Hung Kuo0Mei-Ling Tsai1Hui-Min David Wang2Yung-Chuan Liu3Chienyan Hsieh4Yung-Hsiang Tsai5Cheng-Di Dong6Chun-Yung Huang7Chwen-Jen Shieh8Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, TaiwanDepartment of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, TaiwanDepartment of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, TaiwanDepartment of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung 824, TaiwanDepartment of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, TaiwanDepartment of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, TaiwanDepartment of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, TaiwanBiotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, TaiwanEthyl esters of omega-3 fatty acids are active pharmaceutical ingredients used for the reduction in triglycerides in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Herein, an ultrasonic packed-bed bioreactor was developed for continuous production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ethyl esters from DHA+EPA concentrate and ethyl acetate (EA) using an immobilized lipase, Novozym<sup>®</sup> 435, as a biocatalyst. A three-level–two-factor central composite design combined with a response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to evaluate the packed-bed bioreactor with or without ultrasonication on the conversion of DHA + EPA ethyl ester. The highest conversion of 99% was achieved with ultrasonication at the condition of 1 mL min<sup>−1</sup> flow rate and 100 mM DHA + EPA concentration. Our results also showed that the ultrasonic packed-bed bioreactor has a higher external mass transfer coefficient and a lower external substrate concentration on the surface of the immobilized enzyme. The effect of ultrasound was also demonstrated by a kinetic model in the batch reaction that the specificity constant (<i>V′max</i>/<i>K</i><sub>2</sub>) in the ultrasonic bath was 8.9 times higher than that of the shaking bath, indicating the ultrasonication increased the affinity between enzymes and substrates and, therefore, increasing reaction rate. An experiment performed under the highest conversion conditions showed that the enzyme in the bioreactor remained stable at least for 5 days and maintained a 98% conversion.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/12/4/404docosahexaenoic acid ethyl estereicosapentaenoic acid ethyl esterlipasepacked-bed reactorultrasonicationkinetics |
| spellingShingle | Chia-Hung Kuo Mei-Ling Tsai Hui-Min David Wang Yung-Chuan Liu Chienyan Hsieh Yung-Hsiang Tsai Cheng-Di Dong Chun-Yung Huang Chwen-Jen Shieh Continuous Production of DHA and EPA Ethyl Esters via Lipase-Catalyzed Transesterification in an Ultrasonic Packed-Bed Bioreactor Catalysts docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester lipase packed-bed reactor ultrasonication kinetics |
| title | Continuous Production of DHA and EPA Ethyl Esters via Lipase-Catalyzed Transesterification in an Ultrasonic Packed-Bed Bioreactor |
| title_full | Continuous Production of DHA and EPA Ethyl Esters via Lipase-Catalyzed Transesterification in an Ultrasonic Packed-Bed Bioreactor |
| title_fullStr | Continuous Production of DHA and EPA Ethyl Esters via Lipase-Catalyzed Transesterification in an Ultrasonic Packed-Bed Bioreactor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Continuous Production of DHA and EPA Ethyl Esters via Lipase-Catalyzed Transesterification in an Ultrasonic Packed-Bed Bioreactor |
| title_short | Continuous Production of DHA and EPA Ethyl Esters via Lipase-Catalyzed Transesterification in an Ultrasonic Packed-Bed Bioreactor |
| title_sort | continuous production of dha and epa ethyl esters via lipase catalyzed transesterification in an ultrasonic packed bed bioreactor |
| topic | docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester lipase packed-bed reactor ultrasonication kinetics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/12/4/404 |
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