Metacognition, Hardiness, and Grit as Resilience Factors in Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Operations: A Simulation Study
Operators of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) face a variety of stress factors resulting from both the cognitive demands of the work and its broader social context. Dysfunctional metacognitions including those concerning worry may increase stress vulnerability, whereas personality traits including hard...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-03-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Psychology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00640/full |
| _version_ | 1811274269842210816 |
|---|---|
| author | Gerald Matthews April Rose Panganiban Adrian Wells Adrian Wells Ryan W. Wohleber Lauren E. Reinerman-Jones |
| author_facet | Gerald Matthews April Rose Panganiban Adrian Wells Adrian Wells Ryan W. Wohleber Lauren E. Reinerman-Jones |
| author_sort | Gerald Matthews |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Operators of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) face a variety of stress factors resulting from both the cognitive demands of the work and its broader social context. Dysfunctional metacognitions including those concerning worry may increase stress vulnerability, whereas personality traits including hardiness and grit may confer resilience. The present study utilized a simulation of UAS operation requiring control of multiple vehicles. Two stressors were manipulated independently in a within-subjects design: cognitive demands and negative evaluative feedback. Stress response was assessed using both subjective measures and a suite of psychophysiological sensors, including the electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and hemodynamic sensors. Both stress manipulations elevated subjective distress and elicited greater high-frequency activity in the EEG. However, predictors of stress response varied across the two stressors. The Anxious Thoughts Inventory (AnTI: Wells, 1994) was generally associated with higher state worry in both control and stressor conditions. It also predicted stress reactivity indexed by EEG and worry responses in the negative feedback condition. Measures of hardiness and grit were associated with somewhat different patterns of stress response. In addition, within the negative feedback condition, the AnTI meta-worry scale moderated relationships between state worry and objective performance and psychophysiological outcome measures. Under high state worry, AnTI meta-worry was associated with lower frontal oxygen saturation, but higher spectral power in high-frequency EEG bands. High meta-worry may block adaptive compensatory effort otherwise associated with worry. Findings support both the metacognitive theory of anxiety and negative emotions (Wells and Matthews, 2015), and the Trait-Stressor-Outcome (TSO: Matthews et al., 2017a) framework for resilience. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T23:15:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-473cfbff3f5e4732bc33601c6dbf19a9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-1078 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T23:15:58Z |
| publishDate | 2019-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychology |
| spelling | doaj.art-473cfbff3f5e4732bc33601c6dbf19a92022-12-22T03:12:41ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782019-03-011010.3389/fpsyg.2019.00640425690Metacognition, Hardiness, and Grit as Resilience Factors in Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Operations: A Simulation StudyGerald Matthews0April Rose Panganiban1Adrian Wells2Adrian Wells3Ryan W. Wohleber4Lauren E. Reinerman-Jones5Institute for Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United StatesAir Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, OH, United StatesDivision of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United KingdomGreater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Prestwich, United KingdomInstitute for Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United StatesInstitute for Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United StatesOperators of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) face a variety of stress factors resulting from both the cognitive demands of the work and its broader social context. Dysfunctional metacognitions including those concerning worry may increase stress vulnerability, whereas personality traits including hardiness and grit may confer resilience. The present study utilized a simulation of UAS operation requiring control of multiple vehicles. Two stressors were manipulated independently in a within-subjects design: cognitive demands and negative evaluative feedback. Stress response was assessed using both subjective measures and a suite of psychophysiological sensors, including the electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and hemodynamic sensors. Both stress manipulations elevated subjective distress and elicited greater high-frequency activity in the EEG. However, predictors of stress response varied across the two stressors. The Anxious Thoughts Inventory (AnTI: Wells, 1994) was generally associated with higher state worry in both control and stressor conditions. It also predicted stress reactivity indexed by EEG and worry responses in the negative feedback condition. Measures of hardiness and grit were associated with somewhat different patterns of stress response. In addition, within the negative feedback condition, the AnTI meta-worry scale moderated relationships between state worry and objective performance and psychophysiological outcome measures. Under high state worry, AnTI meta-worry was associated with lower frontal oxygen saturation, but higher spectral power in high-frequency EEG bands. High meta-worry may block adaptive compensatory effort otherwise associated with worry. Findings support both the metacognitive theory of anxiety and negative emotions (Wells and Matthews, 2015), and the Trait-Stressor-Outcome (TSO: Matthews et al., 2017a) framework for resilience.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00640/fullmetacognitionworrygritresiliencestresspsychophysiology |
| spellingShingle | Gerald Matthews April Rose Panganiban Adrian Wells Adrian Wells Ryan W. Wohleber Lauren E. Reinerman-Jones Metacognition, Hardiness, and Grit as Resilience Factors in Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Operations: A Simulation Study Frontiers in Psychology metacognition worry grit resilience stress psychophysiology |
| title | Metacognition, Hardiness, and Grit as Resilience Factors in Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Operations: A Simulation Study |
| title_full | Metacognition, Hardiness, and Grit as Resilience Factors in Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Operations: A Simulation Study |
| title_fullStr | Metacognition, Hardiness, and Grit as Resilience Factors in Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Operations: A Simulation Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metacognition, Hardiness, and Grit as Resilience Factors in Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Operations: A Simulation Study |
| title_short | Metacognition, Hardiness, and Grit as Resilience Factors in Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Operations: A Simulation Study |
| title_sort | metacognition hardiness and grit as resilience factors in unmanned aerial systems uas operations a simulation study |
| topic | metacognition worry grit resilience stress psychophysiology |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00640/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT geraldmatthews metacognitionhardinessandgritasresiliencefactorsinunmannedaerialsystemsuasoperationsasimulationstudy AT aprilrosepanganiban metacognitionhardinessandgritasresiliencefactorsinunmannedaerialsystemsuasoperationsasimulationstudy AT adrianwells metacognitionhardinessandgritasresiliencefactorsinunmannedaerialsystemsuasoperationsasimulationstudy AT adrianwells metacognitionhardinessandgritasresiliencefactorsinunmannedaerialsystemsuasoperationsasimulationstudy AT ryanwwohleber metacognitionhardinessandgritasresiliencefactorsinunmannedaerialsystemsuasoperationsasimulationstudy AT laurenereinermanjones metacognitionhardinessandgritasresiliencefactorsinunmannedaerialsystemsuasoperationsasimulationstudy |