Thin-Walled Commercially Pure Titanium Structures: Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process Parameter Optimization
Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process parameters can be changeable depending on the part geometry due to thermal conductivity differences. The number of studies on the process parameter development for commercial pure titanium (Cp-Ti) with the L-PBF process is also quite limited in the literature....
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Machines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/11/2/272 |
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| author | Fatma Nur Depboylu Evren Yasa Ozgur Poyraz Feza Korkusuz |
| author_facet | Fatma Nur Depboylu Evren Yasa Ozgur Poyraz Feza Korkusuz |
| author_sort | Fatma Nur Depboylu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process parameters can be changeable depending on the part geometry due to thermal conductivity differences. The number of studies on the process parameter development for commercial pure titanium (Cp-Ti) with the L-PBF process is also quite limited in the literature. The aim of this study is to present a comprehensive process development for the production of Cp-Ti bulk and thin structures with the L-PBF technology. In the first phase, the right process parameters, including scan speed, laser power, hatch distance, and layer thickness, were identified with prismatic specimens with thin walls so that the obtained parameters could be used for both bulky sections and thin features such as lattice structures. The process parameters were varied to change the volumetric energy density from 19 to 208 J/mm<sup>3</sup> among 80 different parameter sets. Parameter sets having a Volumetric Energy Density (VED) value between 32 J/mm<sup>3</sup> and 47 J/mm<sup>3</sup> gave almost fully dense Cp-Ti parts while the laser power was set to 200–250 W and the scan speed was used as 1000–1400 mm/s. Finally, Vickers hardness and tensile tests were applied to highly dense Cp-Ti parts. This study involving investigating the effect of process parameters on a wide range demonstrated that L-PBF is a favorable manufacturing technology for Cp-Ti parts with almost full density and good mechanical properties as well as good dimensional accuracy even on thin geometries. Moreover, the results show that combining parameters into a single one, i.e., VED, is not a proper way to optimize the process parameters since increasing laser power or decreasing the scan speed may alter the results, although VED is increased in both manners. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:31:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4741f51d80f946d183d6d674088f256e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1702 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:31:20Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Machines |
| spelling | doaj.art-4741f51d80f946d183d6d674088f256e2023-11-16T21:46:16ZengMDPI AGMachines2075-17022023-02-0111227210.3390/machines11020272Thin-Walled Commercially Pure Titanium Structures: Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process Parameter OptimizationFatma Nur Depboylu0Evren Yasa1Ozgur Poyraz2Feza Korkusuz3Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Science and Technology, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, TurkeyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir 26480, TurkeyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir 26555, TurkeyFaculty of Medicine, Department of Sports Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, TurkeyLaser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process parameters can be changeable depending on the part geometry due to thermal conductivity differences. The number of studies on the process parameter development for commercial pure titanium (Cp-Ti) with the L-PBF process is also quite limited in the literature. The aim of this study is to present a comprehensive process development for the production of Cp-Ti bulk and thin structures with the L-PBF technology. In the first phase, the right process parameters, including scan speed, laser power, hatch distance, and layer thickness, were identified with prismatic specimens with thin walls so that the obtained parameters could be used for both bulky sections and thin features such as lattice structures. The process parameters were varied to change the volumetric energy density from 19 to 208 J/mm<sup>3</sup> among 80 different parameter sets. Parameter sets having a Volumetric Energy Density (VED) value between 32 J/mm<sup>3</sup> and 47 J/mm<sup>3</sup> gave almost fully dense Cp-Ti parts while the laser power was set to 200–250 W and the scan speed was used as 1000–1400 mm/s. Finally, Vickers hardness and tensile tests were applied to highly dense Cp-Ti parts. This study involving investigating the effect of process parameters on a wide range demonstrated that L-PBF is a favorable manufacturing technology for Cp-Ti parts with almost full density and good mechanical properties as well as good dimensional accuracy even on thin geometries. Moreover, the results show that combining parameters into a single one, i.e., VED, is not a proper way to optimize the process parameters since increasing laser power or decreasing the scan speed may alter the results, although VED is increased in both manners.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/11/2/272Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF)commercial pure titanium (Cp-Ti)process parameter optimizationvolumetric energy density (VED)mechanical testing |
| spellingShingle | Fatma Nur Depboylu Evren Yasa Ozgur Poyraz Feza Korkusuz Thin-Walled Commercially Pure Titanium Structures: Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process Parameter Optimization Machines Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) commercial pure titanium (Cp-Ti) process parameter optimization volumetric energy density (VED) mechanical testing |
| title | Thin-Walled Commercially Pure Titanium Structures: Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process Parameter Optimization |
| title_full | Thin-Walled Commercially Pure Titanium Structures: Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process Parameter Optimization |
| title_fullStr | Thin-Walled Commercially Pure Titanium Structures: Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process Parameter Optimization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thin-Walled Commercially Pure Titanium Structures: Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process Parameter Optimization |
| title_short | Thin-Walled Commercially Pure Titanium Structures: Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process Parameter Optimization |
| title_sort | thin walled commercially pure titanium structures laser powder bed fusion process parameter optimization |
| topic | Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) commercial pure titanium (Cp-Ti) process parameter optimization volumetric energy density (VED) mechanical testing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/11/2/272 |
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